Abstract: A renewable fuel blend and a process for producing a renewable fuel blend are described. The blend includes biologically derived C13 to C18 normal paraffins, which are provided to the blend in quantities such that blend does not require a pour point reducing treatment to achieve a low pour point. In embodiments, the normal paraffins are produced in an upgrading process, such as a hydrotreating process.

Abstract: A compressor wheel (20) for an air boost device and a method for designing the wheel are provided. The compressor wheel (20) comprises a hub (24) and a plurality of blades (22, 23) connected to the hub (24). The plurality of blades (22, 23) have a ratio (f/N) of natural frequency to maximum rotational speed of less than 4.0 and are made from a titanium alloy. The plurality of blades (22, 23) can comprise a plurality of full blades (22) and a plurality of splitter blades (23).

Abstract: A direction changing flow duct, for example, a compressor inlet duct (34) for a turbocharger compressor cover, wherein the direction of flow is made to change abruptly in a short distance. The direction changing segment is designed to provide a balanced output, optimize air flow, minimize pressure drop, and maintain compressor efficiency. This can be accomplished by providing a bulge (81, 83, 84) extending radially inwards into a first duct segment, outward bulges perpendicular to the inward bulge, for promoting flow attachment along the walls of the duct.

Abstract: A compressor wheel (20) for an air boost device and a method for designing the wheel are provided. The compressor wheel (20) comprises a hub (24) and a plurality of blades (22, 23) connected to the hub (24). The plurality of blades (22, 23) have a ratio (f/N) of natural frequency to maximum rotational speed of less than 4.0 and are made from a titanium alloy. The plurality of blades (22, 23) can comprise a plurality of full blades (22) and a plurality of splitter blades (23).

Abstract: A direction changing flow duct, for example, a compressor inlet duct (34) for a turbocharger compressor cover, wherein the direction of flow is made to change abruptly in a short distance. The direction changing segment is designed to provide a balanced output, optimize air flow, minimize pressure drop, and maintain compressor efficiency. This can be accomplished by providing a bulge (81, 83, 84) extending radially inwards into a first duct segment, outward bulges perpendicular to the inward bulge, for promoting flow attachment along the walls of the duct.

Abstract: A method is described to determine the valve train wear performance of a lubricating oil by adding to the lubricating oil from about 2% to about 9% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil, of a mixture of at least three carbon black components of mixed particle size and measuring the wear induced in a wear test.

Abstract: A lubricating base oil composition is provided comprising (a) at least one Fischer-Tropsch derived lubricating base oil characterized as having a kinematic viscosity of about 2 to about 5 centistoke (cSt) at 100° C.; and (b) at least one polyol ester. Methods for improving the fuel economy of an internal combustion engine are also provided.

Abstract: A low phosphorous or phosphorous-free sulfur lubricating oil composition and/or low phosphorous or phosphorous-free and low sulfur or sulfur-free lubricating oil composition for internal combustion engines comprising (a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) a minor deposit-inhibiting effective amount of at least one polyol ester of the general formula wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently aliphatic hydrocarbyl moieties having from 4 to about 24 carbon atoms, R4 is hydrogen or an aliphatic hydrocarbyl moiety having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and x, y and z are the same or different and are integers from 1 to 6, and additive compositions and additive packages containing the foregoing polyol ester are provided.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition comprising (a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity and (b) a minor deposit-inhibiting effective amount of a reaction product prepared by transesterifying at least one glycerol ester and at least one non-glycerol polyol ester is provided. Methods for its use are also provided.

Abstract: An air boost device such as a turbocharger, wherein the compressor wheel thereof is re-designed to permit die inserts (20), which occupy the air passage and define the blades (4, 5) during a process of forming a wax pattern (21) of a compressor wheel, to be pulled without being impeded by the blades. This modified blade design enables the automated production of wax patterns (21) using simplified tooling. The compressor wheel improves low cycle fatigue, withstands high temperatures and temperature changes, and permits operation at high boost pressure ratio while, on the other hand, having low weight, low inertial drag, and high responsiveness.