Abstract: Organometallic solutions have been found to provide high resolution radiation based patterning using thin coatings. The patterning can involve irradiation of the coated surface with a selected pattern and developing the pattern with a developing agent to form the developed image. The patternable coatings may be susceptible to positive-tone patterning or negative-tone patterning based on the use of an organic developing agent or an aqueous acid or base developing agent. The radiation sensitive coatings can comprise a metal oxo/hydroxo network with organic ligands. A precursor solution can comprise an organic liquid and metal polynuclear oxo-hydroxo cations with organic ligands having metal carbon bonds and/or metal carboxylate bonds.

Abstract: Precursor solutions for radiation patternable coatings are formed with an organic solvent and monoalkyl tin trialkoxides in which the water content of the solvent is adjusted to be within 10 percent of a selected value. Generally, the water content of the solvent is adjusted through water addition, although water removal can also be used. In some embodiments, the adjusted water content of the solvent can be from about 250 ppm by weight to about 10,000 ppm by weight. With the appropriate selection of ligands, the adjusted precursor solutions can be stable for at least about 42 days, and in some cases at least 8 months.

Abstract: Systems and methods for evaluating patients are provided. An example includes receiving first cardiopulmonary exercise test data for the patient and plotting a first vector based on the first cardiopulmonary exercise test data, the first vector including a first point based on a rest value and a second point based on an exercise value. A first coordinate value of the first point and a first coordinate value of the second point may be based on mixed expired CO2 (PECO2) and a second coordinate value of the first point and a second coordinate value of the second point may be based on end tidal CO2 (PetCO2). The example may also include plotting a midpoint of the first vector and triggering display of the plotted vector and plotted midpoint. The plotted vector and plotted midpoint may be displayed over a coordinate grid having multiple physiological condition zones.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantifying the likelihood of the contribution of multiple possible forms of chronic disease to patient reported dyspnea can include the testing protocol having a flow/volume loop, performed at rest, flowed by the measurement of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables during rest, exercise and recovery as unique data sets. The data sets are analyzed using feature extraction steps to produce a pictorial image consisting of disease silos displaying the likelihood of the contribution of various chronic diseases to patient reported dyspnea. In some embodiments, the silos are split into subclass silos. In some embodiments, multiple chronic disease indexes are used to differentiate between sub-types of a particular chronic disease (e.g., differentiating WHO 1 PH from WHO 2 or WHO 3 PH). Test results are plotted serially to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating a ventilatory threshold for a patient and estimating likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension are provided. An example method includes determining ratios of minute ventilation to rate of oxygen uptake based on breath-by-breath data for a patient. The example method also includes determining a ventilatory threshold based upon the determined ratios and determining a score based upon an end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold and a minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold. The method also includes using the score to estimate a likelihood that the patient has pulmonary arterial hypertension and causing the estimated likelihood to be displayed on a user interface.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantifying the likelihood of the contribution of multiple possible forms of chronic disease to patient reported dyspnea can include the testing protocol having a flow/volume loop, performed at rest, flowed by the measurement of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables during rest, exercise and recovery as unique data sets. The data sets are analyzed using feature extraction steps to produce a pictorial image consisting of disease silos displaying the likelihood of the contribution of various chronic diseases to patient reported dyspnea. In some embodiments, the silos are split into subclass silos. In some embodiments, multiple chronic disease indexes are used to differentiate between sub-types of a particular chronic disease (e.g., differentiating WHO 1 PH from WHO 2 or WHO 3 PH). Test results are plotted serially to asses to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating a ventilatory threshold for a patient and estimating likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension are provided. An example method includes determining ratios of minute ventilation to rate of oxygen uptake based on breath-by-breath data for a patient. The example method also includes determining a ventilatory threshold based upon the determined ratios and determining a score based upon an end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold and a minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold. The method also includes using the score to estimate a likelihood that the patient has pulmonary arterial hypertension and causing the estimated likelihood to be displayed on a user interface.

Abstract: Systems and methods for evaluating patients for ischemic heart disease are provided. An example system includes a flow sensor to sense a respiratory flow, an analyzer to determine a respiratory gas composition of at least a portion of the respiratory flow, an ECG device configured to determine ST segment values, and a computing device. The computing device may be configured to: receive gas exchange measurements that are based on breath-by-breath data captured by the flow sensor and the analyzer during a cardiopulmonary exercise test that includes an exercise phase; receive ST segment values captured by the ECG device during the cardiopulmonary exercise test; determine an ischemic index value based on the received gas exchange measurements and ST segment values; and output the ischemic index. The ST segment values may include ST segment depression or elevation values and the ischemic index value may be determined from the ST segment depression/elevation values.

Abstract: Systems and methods for evaluating patients are provided. An example includes receiving first cardiopulmonary exercise test data for the patient and plotting a first vector based on the first cardiopulmonary exercise test data, the first vector including a first point based on a rest value and a second point based on an exercise value. A first coordinate value of the first point and a first coordinate value of the second point may be based on mixed expired CO2 (PECO2) and a second coordinate value of the first point and a second coordinate value of the second point may be based on end tidal CO2 (PetCO2). The example may also include plotting a midpoint of the first vector and triggering display of the plotted vector and plotted midpoint. The plotted vector and plotted midpoint may be displayed over a coordinate grid having multiple physiological condition zones.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantifying the likelihood of the contribution of multiple possible forms of chronic disease to patient reported dyspnea can include the testing protocol having a flow/volume loop, performed at rest, flowed by the measurement of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables during rest, exercise and recovery as unique data sets. The data sets are analyzed using feature extraction steps to produce a pictorial image consisting of disease silos displaying the likelihood of the contribution of various chronic diseases to patient reported dyspnea. In some embodiments, the silos are split into subclass silos. In some embodiments, multiple chronic disease indexes are used to differentiate between sub-types of a particular chronic disease (e.g., differentiating WHO 1 PH from WHO 2 or WHO 3 PH). Test results are plotted serially to asses to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating a ventilatory threshold for a patient and estimating likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension are provided. An example method includes determining ratios of minute ventilation to rate of oxygen uptake based on breath-by-breath data for a patient. The example method also includes determining a ventilatory threshold based upon the determined ratios and determining a score based upon an end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PetCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold and a minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2) value at the determined ventilatory threshold. The method also includes using the score to estimate a likelihood that the patient has pulmonary arterial hypertension and causing the estimated likelihood to be displayed on a user interface.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantifying the likelihood of the contribution of multiple possible forms of chronic disease to patient reported dyspnea can include the testing protocol having a flow/volume loop, performed at rest, flowed by the measurement of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables during rest, exercise and recovery as unique data sets. The data sets are analyzed using feature extraction steps to produce a pictorial image consisting of disease silos displaying the likelihood of the contribution of various chronic diseases to patient reported dyspnea. In some embodiments, the silos are split into subclass silos. In some embodiments, multiple chronic disease indexes are used to differentiate between sub-types of a particular chronic disease (e.g., differentiating WHO 1 PH from WHO 2 or WHO 3 PH). Test results are plotted serially to asses to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient.

Abstract: A method of pattern recognition for defining aerobic HR training zones measured during incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing wherein such HR training zones are derived from distinct points in the incremental exercise response for % fat, % CHO, and PetCO2. Also disclosed is a method for providing feedback to the exercising subject indicating the % time the subject exercised in each of the zones using recorded HR data from each workout.

Abstract: Systems and methods for quantifying the likelihood of the contribution of multiple possible forms of chronic disease to patient reported dyspnea can include the testing protocol having a flow/volume loop, performed at rest, flowed by the measurement of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables during rest, exercise and recovery as unique data sets. The data sets are analyzed using feature extraction steps to produce a pictorial image consisting of disease silos displaying the likelihood of the contribution of various chronic diseases to patient reported dyspnea. In some embodiments, the silos are split into subclass silos. In some embodiments, multiple chronic disease indexes are used to differentiate between sub-types of a particular chronic disease (e.g., differentiating WHO 1 PH from WHO 2 or WHO 3 PH). Test results are plotted serially to asses to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient.

Abstract: A method employing pattern recognition techniques for identifying the functional status of patients with Pulmonary Hypertension is described. This method describes a process by which sets of cardiopulmonary exercise gas exchange variables are measured during rest, exercise and recovery and stored as unique data sets. The data sets are then analyzed by a series of feature extraction steps, yielding a multi-parametric index (MPIPH) which reflects the current functional status of a patient. The method also employs a description scheme that provides a graphical image that juxtaposes the measured value of MPI to a reference classification system. An additional description scheme provides a trend plot of MPI values measured on a patient over time to provide feedback to the physician on the efficacy of therapy provided to the patient.

Abstract: A method of data management for optimizing the patient outcome from the provision of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is described. A regression equation is constructed using 3 data points on a plot of AV delay vs. HR. The x-axis consist of the three points consist of resting HR, HR at the optimal AV delay value during light exercise, and the upper tracking or paced HR. The y-values associated with the three points consist of the AV delay values computed using an equation for ventricular filling time and the optimally determined AV delay value. Also described is a process for determining the sensed to paced AV delay offset. The combined processes yield 4 (the three constant values in the polynomial regression equation Y=b2X2+b1X+a and the sensed to paced AV delay offset) which can be stored on the patient's pacemaker for determining dynamically the AV delay value which is physiologically fine-tuned for each patient from resting HR to the upper tracking or paced HR.

Abstract: A gas exchange testing system has an apparatus for delivery of an auxiliary gas during a gas exchange test. Measurements representing physiological parameters of a patient are made during the gas exchange test. The auxiliary gas is delivered so that a gas exchange test can be performed on a patient who requires auxiliary gas. Additionally, the auxiliary gas is delivered so that gas exchange testing can determine if the auxiliary gas is beneficial and which concentration of the auxiliary gas is most beneficial. A testing process compares measurements under a condition where the auxiliary gas is delivered and under a condition where it is not delivered. Another testing process compares measurements under a condition where one auxiliary gas is delivered and under a condition where a different auxiliary gas is delivered.

Abstract: A method of pattern recognition for classifying the functional status of patients with chronic disease comprising characterizing the functional status based on a multivariable index (MVI) scoring system wherein the MVI is computed by summing a plurality of individual variable values as individual variable indexes (IVI) and dividing the sum by the number of variables and wherein the plurality of IVI includes rest PetCO2, ?PetCO2, SaO2, QUES, Ve/VCO2 slope and Pcap and wherein each IVI is given an equivalent value of <1.00 to >=4.00, the number increasing with increasing severity yielding an MVI value ranging from <1.00 to >=4.00, normal to severe-very severe.

Abstract: A method of pattern recognition for classifying the functional status of patients with chronic disease comprising characterizing the functional status based on a multivariable index (MVI) scoring system wherein the MVI is computed by summing a plurality of individual variable values as individual variable indexes (IVI) and dividing the sum by the number of variables and wherein the plurality of IVI includes rest PetCO2, ?PetCO2, SaO2, QUES, Ve/VCO2 slope and Pcap and wherein each IVI is given an equivalent value of <1.00 to >=4.00, the number increasing with increasing severity yielding an MVI value ranging from <1.00 to >=4.00, normal to severe-very severe.

Abstract: A method of data management for optimizing the patient outcome from the provision of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is described. A regression equation is constructed using 3 data points on a plot of AV delay vs. HR. The x-axis consist of the three points consist of resting HR, HR at the optimal AV delay value during light exercise, and the upper tracking or paced HR. The y-values associated with the three points consist of the AV delay values computed using an equation for ventricular filling time and the optimally determined AV delay value. Also described is a process for determining the sensed to paced AV delay offset. The combined processes yield 4 (the three constant values in the polynomial regression equation Y=b2X2+b1X+a and the sensed to paced AV delay offset) which can be stored on the patient's pacemaker for determining dynamically the AV delay value which is physiologically fine-tuned for each patient from resting HR to the upper tracking or paced HR.