Abstract: This invention relates to a process for achieving and maintaining the clarity of bicarbonate bearing waters. The process has application to treating bicarbonate bearing waters where such waters are for injection into a subsurface formation, for waste disposal, or for any other industrial purpose where bicarbonate bearing waters may need to be treated. The process is intended to prevent an imbalance in the bicarbonate/carbonate equilibria in bicarbonate containing waters as the water is treated in a treatment process. The process involves the measurement and control of carbon dioxide content to prevent the deposition of both organic and inorganic solids. By use of the process the specifications on turbidity and suspended solids content in treated water can be met with a significant decrease in, or possibly elimination of, the dosage of other treating chemicals.

Abstract: An exploration method is disclosed for mapping subsurface migration of crude petroleum by measuring electron spin resonance signals from materials within samples of the subsurface formations and identifying the samples that contain petroleum crude by detecting enhancement and/or suppression of the electron resonance signals due to the addition of a chemical material. Electron spin resonance signals from crude oil are enhanced by the presence of iodine and suppressed by the presence of ferric chloride.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for achieving and maintaining the clarity of bicarbonate bearing waters. The process has application to treating bicarbonate bearing waters where such waters are for injection into a subsurface formation, for waste disposal, or for any other industrial purpose where bicarbonate bearing waters may need to be treated. The process is intended to prevent an imbalance in the bicarbonate/carbonate equilibria in bicarbonate containing waters as the water is treated in a treatment process. The process involves the measurement and control of carbon dioxide content to prevent the deposition of both organic and inorganic solids. By use of the process the specifications on turbidity and suspended solids content in treated water can be met with a significant decrease in, or possibly elimination of, the dosage of other treating chemicals.

Abstract: A well logging method is disclosed for identifying the presence of crude petroleum within subsurface earth formations by detecting electron spin resonance signals along a well bore and identifying crude petroleum as the source of those signals by enhancing and/or suppressing the signal by the presence of a chemical. Electron spin resonance signals from crude oil are enhanced by the presence of iodine and suppressed by the presence of ferric chloride.

Abstract: A method of removing hydrogen sulfide contaminants from a gas stream. The gas stream is contacted with dimethyl sulfoxide promoted with the salt of an organic acid, reducing H.sub.2 S to sulfur.

Abstract: Method for enhancing electron spin resonance signals from crude petroleum by contacting the crude petroleum with a chemical which effects the population of free radical asphaltenes in the crude petroleum. The enhancement is in a positive sense when the chemical is a halogen and particularly iodine. The enhancement is in a negative sense (suppression) when the chemical is ferric chloride.

Abstract: Removal of hydrogen sulfide from gases using iron oxide-containing solids is improved by introducing a liquid containing a primary or secondary amine into the iron oxide-containing solids.