Abstract: A method for treatment of wood, whereby the wood is impregnated with a wood preservative composition consisting essentially of an aqueous solution of ammonium salt of lignin and ammonia complexes of certain metal cations such as Cu(NH.sub.3).sub.4.sup.++, Zn(NH.sub.3).sub.4.sup.++, and Hg(NH.sub.3).sub.2.sup.++. the lignin is selected from the group consisting of alkali lignin, organosolv lignin, partially desulfonated sulfite lignin, and modified alkali or organosolv lignin.

Abstract: A wood preservative composition comprising a lignosulfonate copolymer and a metal salt or a combination of metal salts. The copolymer is a reaction product of lignosulfonate and acrylic monomers selected from a group of acrylic compounds of the general formula, RCH=CR.sup.1 COOH, where R is hydrogen, an alkyl or carboxyl group and R.sup.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group, and the metal salt is a salt of sulfate, chloride, phosphate, or carbonate wherein the metal is selected from the group consisting of copper, zinc, mercury and lead. Alternatively, the composition may be a metal salt or a combination of metal salts of a lignosulfonate copolymer produced by base exchange of the corresponding calcium lignosulfonate copolymer with a metal salt or metal salts. The composition may be used, optionally, together with methylol phenol.

Abstract: An animal feed composition and method of compounding animal feed utilizing a carboxylic containing compound as a binder. The carboxylic containing compound comprises a polymer, copolymer or salts of the polymer or copolymer having a monomer unit of the general formula --(RCHCR'COOH).sub.n --where R is hydrogen or a carboxylic acid and R' is hydrogen or an alkyl group. One specific embodiment of the binder comprises a copolymer of a sulfonated lignin material and a monomer, polymer or polymer salt of the above general formula. The binder is incorporated with the feed in an amount of from about 0.025% to about 4.0% on a dry weight basis.

Abstract: A graft copolymer of lignin and vinylic monomer is produced by a continuous process wherein the vinylic monomer and a suitable initiator compound are continuously, but separately, fed to a solution of the lignin. The monomer is selected from a group consisting of the general formula RCH.dbd.CHR'R" where R and R' are H, or alkyl group, and R" is --COOH, --CN or --CONH.sub.2 and the initiator is hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides or persulfates.

Abstract: A binder composed of a graft copolymer of high molecular weight sulfonated lignin material and an acrylic compound. At least 35% by weight of the lignin material has a molecular weight in excess of 5,000 daltons. The binder is produced by reacting the high molecular weight sulfonated lignin material with 0.0125 to 0.5 parts, per part of lignin material, of acrylic acid, methyacrylic acid or acrylonitrile. A process for making the binder is also disclosed.

Abstract: A deicing composition comprising saccharinic acid, lignosulfonate and an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chloride selected from among sodium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride and mixtures thereof, the ratio of said saccharinic acid, lignosulfonate and chloride being from about 0.05:0.95:15 to about 0.75:2.25:1. The composition has a pH value of from about 5.0 to 9.5. The saccharinic acid contemplated for use in the composition is isosaccharinic or metasaccharinic acid, or mixtures thereof. The saccharinic acid may be conveniently derived from the alkali treatment of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides inherently contained in spent sulfite liquor by heating at a temperature of 50.degree. C. to 150.degree. C., preferably at 80.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are sulfonated ligno-aminodicarboxylic acid and the salts thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is an alkali cation, such as sodium, potassium, lithium, and ammonium, and Lignin denotes the polymeric sulfonated lignin material derived from commercial pulping of wood, straw, corn stalks, bagasse and the like. The dicarboxylic acid is made by a three-step process: (1) amination with ammonia and formaldehyde; (2) cyanomethylation with formaldehyde and sodium cyanide; and (3) hydrolysis of nitrile to carboxylic acid. The sulfonated ligno-aminodicarboxylic acid and its salts are useful as metal complexing agents.

Abstract: A reaction product and process for making the same of a lignosulfonate with an unsaturated fatty amine of 18 to 20 carbon atoms and an aldehyde. The process includes forming an aqueous solution of lignosulfonate at a solids concentration of 20% to 40%, adjusting the pH of the solution to above 10 or below 5, mixing the solution with a specified quantity of fatty amine to form a homogeneous mixture, adding the aldehyde to the mixture, and finally heating the mixture at a temperature of 25.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. for a period of one to 24 hours.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use in thermosol dyeing processes, are produced by reacting methylol hydroxybenzene compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability and low staining characteristics, coupled with desirable dye reduction, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes, and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: A method is provided for polymerizing lignosulfonate materials without undesirable viscosity build-up or gelling. The method comprises the steps of premethylolating the lignosulfonate under alkaline conditions followed by condensation of the premethylolated lignosulfonate at elevated temperatures and under neutral and acidic conditions.The resultant products are useful in any of a variety of applications wherein the surface active properties of lignosulfonates may be desirable. The products are useful as dispersants and especially as dye dispersants.

Abstract: Dispersants, especially well suited for use with insoluble dyes, are produced by reacting hydroxyl benzyl alcohol compounds with sulfonated lignin derivatives. The dispersants have high levels of heat stability, coupled with desirable dye reduction, staining, foaming, milling and viscosity-reducing properties. Dyestuffs, dye pastes and dye baths, as well as methods utilizing them, are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for polymerizing technical lignins, hardwood as well as softwood and sulfonated as well as unsulfonated. The process involves the sequential treatment of the lignin material with formaldehyde and air (or oxygen) to increase the molecular weight. The lignin is first treated with from 0.5 to 3.5 moles of formaldehyde per 1,000 grams of lignin at a pH between 10.5 and 11.5 and a temperature from 50.degree. C. to 80.degree. C. for from 3 to 24 hours to form a lignin-formaldehyde adduct, preferably with minimum cross-linking of the lignin. Then, the thus formed lignin-formaldehyde adduct is oxidized at a temperature of from 25.degree. C. to 80.degree. C. with air or molecular oxygen for from 2 to 24 hours.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a two-step process for reducing the color of sulfonated alkali lignins and lignosulfonates by at least 80% which comprises, blocking at least 90% of the free-phenolic hydroxyl groups in the lignin and then subjecting the blocked lignins to oxidative action by air, molecular oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. The thus treated lignins are useful as dispersants for disperse dyes and vat dyes.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein carboxymethylated wood molasses and a process for producing this material in an aqueous system to produce an oligomeric, ligno-carbohydrate material useful as a detergent builder, herbicide dispersant, corrosion control agent and de-rusting chemical.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are lignin adducts of the formula ##SPC1##Wherein X is an alkali metal cation, such as sodium, potassium and lithium. These lignin adducts are made by reacting an alkali lignin or sulfonated lignin with up to 10 moles of a salt of epoxysuccinate at a temperature of from 50.degree.C. to 150.degree.C. The lignodicarboxylic acid and its salts are useful as a dispersant and metal complexing agent.