Abstract: A method for measuring a lower heating value of a gaseous fuel. The method includes mixing a gaseous fuel with air to provide a combustible air-fuel mixture. The air-fuel mixture is directed to flow across a flow surface of a first micro-hotplate maintained at a constant temperature. A change in power required to maintain a constant temperature of the first micro-hotplate flow surface due to a convective and conductive heat transfer from the first micro-hotplate flow surface to the air-fuel mixture is measured. The air-fuel mixture is directed to flow across a flow surface of a second micro-hotplate maintained at a constant temperature. The air-fuel mixture is combusted as the air-fuel mixture flows across the second micro-hotplate flow surface. A change in power required to maintain a constant temperature of the second micro-hotplate flow surface due to the combustion of the air-fuel mixture is measured.

Abstract: The use of an oil-soluble mono-, di-, or tri-glyceride of at least one hydroxy polycarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof, as an anti-wear additive and/or friction modifier in a non-aqueous lubricant composition and/or in a fuel composition. Also, a non-aqueous lubricant composition and a fuel composition for an internal combustion engine which comprise at least one additive which is an oil-soluble mono-, di-, or tri-glyceride of at least one hydroxy polycarboxylic acid, or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: An LED lamp is placed in service on an automotive vehicle to enhance nighttime visual ability or anywhere where increased lighting is needed. The LED lamp utilizes a multi-stage power and control design, where the LED drive current is managed by an LED constant current controller that is coupled to a microprocessor that commands the intensity value of an LED array. The microprocessor manages the light intensity of the LED array using well known pulse-width modulation control methods. The microprocessor measures the voltage of the DC power source and to detect when DC power is removed. Once this detection has occurred, the microprocessor signals the LED current controller to change the current operational mode being delivered to the LED array to the next available operational mode, or alternatively, to the next appropriate operational mode to be used as determined by software stored within the microprocessor.

Abstract: A power module includes one or more semiconductor power devices having a power overlay (POL) bonded thereto. A first heat sink is bonded to the semiconductor power devices on a side opposite the POL. A second heat sink is bonded to the POL opposite the side of the POL bonded to the semiconductor power devices. The semiconductor power devices, POL, first channel heat sink, and second channel heat sink together form a double side cooled power overlay module. The second channel heat sink is bonded to the POL solely via a compliant thermal interface material without the need for planarizing, brazing or metallurgical bonding.

Abstract: A wrench for rotating a drive member such as a socket, the wrench having a housing including a head portion and a handle portion, the head portion having an inner peripheral wall defining an internal cavity; a set of drive teeth circumscribing the inner peripheral wall of the head portion of the housing and extending into the internal cavity; a drive gear disposed within the internal cavity of the head portion of the housing; a socket engaging drive member connected to the drive gear and extending outwardly from the head portion of the housing; a set of opposition gears disposed within the internal cavity of the head portion of the housing, the opposition gears being disposed between and interconnected with the drive gear and the drive teeth; and an operating assembly carried by the housing and operably associated with the drive gear, the operating assembly including a novel quick turn mechanism for controllably changing the operating mode of the wrench from a tightening mode to a loosening mode.

Abstract: Systems, program products, and methods of curriculum planning are provided. An embodiment of a system includes instructional course instructions, responsive to user input commands, to associate one of several instructional courses with one of several teachers, calendar instructions, responsive to user input commands, to create a calendar schedule and assign the instructional course to a date and time for display on the calendar schedule, lesson-plan assignment instructions, responsive to the calendar schedule and user input commands, to assign one of several lesson-plans to the instructional course at the date and time on the calendar schedule, and lesson-plan indicator instructions, responsive to the calendar schedule and lesson-plan data, indicating whether the instructional course for the date and time has been assigned a completed lesson.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cooling system is disclosed. The cooling system comprises: a cooling channel for receiving a cooling media, a substrate disposed near the cooling channel, and a fluidic jet disposed within the substrate and in fluid communication with the cooling channel. The cooling channel is for thermal communication with a component to be cooled. The cooling channel has a height of less than or equal to about 3 mm and a width of less than or equal to 2 mm. The fluidic jet comprises a cavity defined by a well and a membrane. In one embodiment, a method of cooling an electrical component comprises: passing a cooling media through a cooling channel, drawing the cooling media into one or more of the fluidic jets, expelling the cooling media from the one or more fluidic jets into the cooling channel, and removing thermal energy from the electrical component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for cooling an electronics package. The system includes a fluid pump and a microcooler assembly. The system utilizes one or more cooling layers interspersed with layers of electronics in the electronics package. Each cooling layer has an array of cooling channels formed in a substrate, an input manifold through which cooling fluid is provided for distribution through the array of cooling channels, and an output manifold which collects fluid from the array of cooling channels. The elements of the cooling system are integrated by conduits including a package conduit for passage of fluid from the fluid pump to the electronics package, a cooler conduit for passage of fluid from the electronics package to the microcooler assembly, and a pump conduit for passage of fluid from the microcooler assembly to the fluid pump. Also disclosed is a method for cooling the electronics package.

Abstract: A heat sink for directly cooling at least one electronic device package is provided. The electronic device package has an upper contact surface and a lower contact surface. The heat sink comprises a cooling piece formed of at least one thermally conductive material. The cooling piece defines multiple inlet manifolds configured to receive a coolant and multiple outlet manifolds configured to exhaust the coolant. The inlet and outlet manifolds are interleaved. The cooling piece further defines multiple millichannels configured to receive the coolant from the inlet manifolds and to deliver the coolant to the outlet manifolds. The millichannels and inlet and outlet manifolds are further configured to directly cool one of the upper and lower contact surface of the electronic device package by direct contact with the coolant, such that the heat sink comprises an integral heat sink.

Abstract: A power module includes one or more semiconductor power devices having a power overlay (POL) bonded thereto. A first heat sink is bonded to the semiconductor power devices on a side opposite the POL. A second heat sink is bonded to the POL opposite the side of the POL bonded to the semiconductor power devices. The semiconductor power devices, POL, first channel heat sink, and second channel heat sink together form a double side cooled power overlay module. The second channel heat sink is bonded to the POL solely via a compliant thermal interface material without the need for planarizing, brazing or metallurgical bonding.

Abstract: A cooling device comprises an upper surface configured to contact the baseplate, an inlet manifold configured to receive a coolant, an outlet manifold configured to exhaust the coolant, and at least one set of millichannels in the upper surface. The at least one set of the millichannels defines at least one heat sink region with at least one groove about one or more millichannels in the respective heat sink region with the groove configured to receive a seal. The at least one heat sink region establishes direct contact of the coolant with the baseplate, and the millichannels are configured to receive the coolant from the inlet manifold and to deliver the coolant to the outlet manifold. An apparatus and a stack are also presented.

Abstract: A multigrade lubricating oil composition with enhanced anti-wear properties for use in an internal combustion engine comprises (a) a base oil comprising at least 90% by weight of the base oil, of one or more basestocks selected from the group consisting of base stocks derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesised, waxy, paraffinic hydrocarbon material by processes comprising hydrocracking and/or hydroisomerisation, Group II basestocks, Group III basestocks and mixtures thereof; (b) one or more dispersant viscosity modifiers in a total amount of 0.15 to 0.8% by weight of the composition; (c) one or more dispersants in a total amount of active dispersants of 1.5 to 3% by weight of the composition; (d) one or more detergents; and (e) one or more metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates.

Abstract: A heat sink for directly cooling at least one electronic device package is provided. The electronic device package has an upper contact surface and a lower contact surface. The heat sink comprises a cooling piece formed of at least one thermally conductive material. The cooling piece defines multiple inlet manifolds configured to receive a coolant and multiple outlet manifolds configured to exhaust the coolant. The inlet and outlet manifolds are interleaved. The cooling piece further defines multiple millichannels configured to receive the coolant from the inlet manifolds and to deliver the coolant to the outlet manifolds. The millichannels and inlet and outlet manifolds are further configured to directly cool one of the upper and lower contact surface of the electronic device package by direct contact with the coolant, such that the heat sink comprises an integral heat sink.

Abstract: A heat sink for cooling at least one electronic device package is provided. The electronic device package has an upper contact surface and a lower contact surface. The heat sink comprises at least one thermally conductive material and defines multiple inlet manifolds configured to receive a coolant, multiple outlet manifolds configured to exhaust the coolant, and multiple millichannels configured to receive the coolant from the inlet manifolds and to deliver the coolant to the outlet manifolds. The manifolds and millichannels are disposed proximate to the respective one of the upper and lower contact surface of the electronic device package for cooling the respective surface with the coolant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for cooling an electronics package. The system includes a fluid pump and a microcooler assembly. The system utilizes one or more cooling layers interspersed with layers of electronics in the electronics package. Each cooling layer has an array of cooling channels formed in a substrate, an input manifold through which cooling fluid is provided for distribution through the array of cooling channels, and an output manifold which collects fluid from the array of cooling channels. The elements of the cooling system are integrated by conduits including a package conduit for passage of fluid from the fluid pump to the electronics package, a cooler conduit for passage of fluid from the electronics package to the microcooler assembly, and a pump conduit for passage of fluid from the microcooler assembly to the fluid pump. Also disclosed is a method for cooling the electronics package.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling at least one heated surface includes a base plate defining a number of inlet and outlet manifolds. The inlet manifolds are configured to receive a coolant, and the outlet manifolds exhaust the coolant. The inlet and outlet manifolds are interleaved. The apparatus also includes at least one substrate having inner and outer surfaces. The inner surface is coupled to the base plate and defines a number of microchannels that receive the coolant from the inlet manifolds and deliver the coolant to the outlet manifolds. The microchannels are oriented substantially perpendicular to the inlet and outlet manifolds. The outer surface is in thermal contact with the heated surface. The apparatus also includes an inlet plenum that supplies the coolant to the inlet manifolds, and an outlet plenum that exhausts the coolant from the outlet manifolds. The inlet plenum and outlet plenum are oriented in a plane of the base plate.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cooling system is disclosed. The cooling system comprises: a cooling channel for receiving a cooling media, a substrate disposed near the cooling channel, and a fluidic jet disposed within the substrate and in fluid communication with the cooling channel. The cooling channel is for thermal communication with a component to be cooled. The cooling channel has a height of less than or equal to about 3 mm and a width of less than or equal to 2 mm. The fluidic jet comprises a cavity defined by a well and a membrane. In one embodiment, a method of cooling an electrical component comprises: passing a cooling media through a cooling channel, drawing the cooling media into one or more of the fluidic jets, expelling the cooling media from the one or more fluidic jets into the cooling channel, and removing thermal energy from the electrical component.

Abstract: Images may be extracted from a site in a network for further processing, such as storing or printing. The extraction process may change depending on the site type or classification. Sites may be categorized as belonging to one or more predetermined types. Sites may be categorized as belonging to a recognized site list. An image extraction process may be associated with each predetermined type or each recognized site. Upon browsing to a site and initiating the extraction process, the site is identified as belonging to one of the predetermined types or recognized sites. Then, one or more images is extracted from the site using the associated extraction process.