Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for direct assignment of physical devices to confidential virtual machines (VMs). At a first guest privilege context of a guest partition, a direct assignment of a physical device associated with a host computer system to the guest partition is identified. The guest partition includes the first guest privilege context and a second guest privilege context, which is restricted from accessing memory associated with the first guest privilege context. The guest partition corresponds to a confidential VM, such that a memory region associated with the guest partition is inaccessible to a host operating system. It is determined, based on a policy, that the physical device is allowed to be directly assigned to the guest partition. Communication between the physical device and the second guest privilege context is permitted, such as by exposing the physical device on a virtual bus and/or forwarding an interrupt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an emissions reduction system to reduce levels of NOx and/or particulate matter from combustion engine emissions. The system comprises a feed water reservoir, an electrolytic cell capable of converting water into substantially pure hydrogen and oxygen and water vapour. A gas bubbler is provided to prevent build-up of hydrogen and to act as a flame arrestor from the combustion engine. The hydrogen produced by the electrolytic cell is fed via the gas bubbler into an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a combustible gas for use in enhancing or supplementing a fuel supply of an internal combustion engine comprising an electrolytic cell defining a first electrolyte flow path from an upper chamber to a lower chamber and a second electrolysis gas flow path from the lower chamber to a gas trap disposed in the upper chamber. The gas trap arranged to be in fluid communication with an internal combustion engine intake manifold for supplying combustible electrolytic gases produced in the electrolytic cell apparatus to the fuel supply. Further disclosed is a system comprising an electrolyte flow circuit and control unit for use with the apparatus for maintaining optimal operational parameters of the electrolyte undergoing an electrolytic reaction. The system arranged to regulate a flow rate and temperature range of the electrolyte for improving production of combustible gases within the apparatus.

Abstract: An extent-based storage architecture is implemented by a storage server receiving a read request for an extent from a client, wherein the extent includes a group of contiguous blocks and the read request includes a file block number. The storage server retrieves an extent identifier from a first sorted data structure, wherein the storage server uses the received file block number to traverse the first sorted data structure to the extent identifier. The storage server retrieves a reference to the extent from a second sorted data structure, wherein the storage server uses the retrieved extent identifier to traverse the second sorted data structure to the reference, and wherein the second sorted data structure is global across a plurality of volumes. The storage server retrieves the extent from a storage device using the reference and returns the extent to the client.

Abstract: An extent-based storage architecture is implemented by a storage server receiving a read request for an extent from a client, wherein the extent includes a group of contiguous blocks and the read request includes a file block number. The storage server retrieves an extent identifier from a first sorted data structure, wherein the storage server uses the received file block number to traverse the first sorted data structure to the extent identifier. The storage server retrieves a reference to the extent from a second sorted data structure, wherein the storage server uses the retrieved extent identifier to traverse the second sorted data structure to the reference, and wherein the second sorted data structure is global across a plurality of volumes. The storage server retrieves the extent from a storage device using the reference and returns the extent to the client.

Abstract: An extent-based storage architecture is implemented by a storage server receiving a read request for an extent from a client, wherein the extent includes a group of contiguous blocks and the read request includes a file block number. The storage server retrieves an extent identifier from a first sorted data structure, wherein the storage server uses the received file block number to traverse the first sorted data structure to the extent identifier. The storage server retrieves a reference to the extent from a second sorted data structure, wherein the storage server uses the retrieved extent identifier to traverse the second sorted data structure to the reference, and wherein the second sorted data structure is global across a plurality of volumes. The storage server retrieves the extent from a storage device using the reference and returns the extent to the client.

Abstract: A method of controlling ablation volume depth includes providing a treatment apparatus. The apparatus comprises a housing having a proximal and distal end including a tissue contacting surface. The housing defines an interior with an energy delivery device positionable in the interior. The energy delivery device includes at least one electrode with a tissue penetrating distal end and is configured to be advanced from the interior into a target tissue site to define an ablation volume. An advancement device is coupled to the energy delivery device and is configured to advance the at least one electrode. The at least one electrode is advanced to a selected deployment depth beneath a tissue surface while avoiding a critical structure. Energy is delivered from the energy delivery device. An ablation volume is created at a controlled depth below the tissue surface responsive to the deployment depth while minimizing injury to the critical structure.

Abstract: A method of controlling ablation volume depth includes providing a treatment apparatus. The apparatus comprises a housing having a proximal and distal end including a tissue contacting surface. The housing defines an interior with an energy delivery device positionable in the interior. The energy delivery device includes at least one electrode with a tissue penetrating distal end and is configured to be advanced from the interior into a target tissue site to define an ablation volume. An advancement device is coupled to the energy delivery device and is configured to advance the at least one electrode. The at least one electrode is advanced to a selected deployment depth beneath a tissue surface while avoiding a critical structure. Energy is delivered from the energy delivery device. An ablation volume is created at a controlled depth below the tissue surface responsive to the deployment depth while minimizing injury to the critical structure.

Abstract: A method of controlling ablation volume depth includes providing a treatment apparatus. The apparatus comprises a housing having a proximal and distal end including a tissue contacting surface. The housing defines an interior with an energy delivery device positionable in the interior. The energy delivery device includes at least one electrode with a tissue penetrating distal end and is configured to be advanced from the interior into a target tissue site to define an ablation volume. An advancement device is coupled to the energy delivery device and is configured to advance the at least one electrode. The at least one electrode is advanced to a selected deployment depth beneath a tissue surface while avoiding a critical structure. Energy is delivered from the energy delivery device. An ablation volume is created at a controlled depth below the tissue surface responsive to the deployment depth while minimizing injury to the critical structure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the extent of tissue ablation are disclosed. The method utilizes delivering energy from an energy deliver device to a plurality of deployed electrodes and regulating energy delivered to the electrodes based on the temperature sensed by at least one remote elongate sensor element. A control device may be used to supply energy to the electrodes, to produce tissue ablation that advances from individual-electrode ablation regions to fill a combined-electrode ablation volume. Information from the sensor element(s) is used for determining the extent of ablation in the regions of the sensor elements. The supply of energy to the electrodes can thus be regulated to control the level and extent of tissue ablation throughout the combined-electrode volume.

Abstract: A tissue-ablation method and apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of RF ablation electrodes, and a plurality of sensor elements, each movable from retracted to deployed positions in a tissue to be ablated. A control device in the apparatus is operatively connected to the electrodes for supplying an RF power to the electrodes, to produce tissue ablation that advances from individual-electrode ablation regions to fill a combined-electrode ablation volume. The control device is operatively connected to the sensor elements for determining the extent of ablation in the regions of the sensor elements. The supply of RF power to the electrodes can thus be regulated to control the level and extent of tissue ablation throughout the combined-electrode volume. The electrodes are preferably hollow-needle electrodes through which liquid can be infused into the tissue, also under the control of the control unit, to modulate and optimize tissue ablation.

Abstract: An optical network unit having an environmentally sealed printed circuit board arrangement within a first compartment and a signal in/out arrangement in a second compartment. The compartments are provided by two housings. Instead of replacing individual circuit boards in the case of breakdown or malfunction, replacement of the whole of the printed circuit board arrangement is necessary thereby eliminating human error and minimizing downtime. Two housings provide the two compartments. These housings are preferably mounted upon a housing mount and a carrier for the optical network unit is also preferably mounted upon the housing mount. This housing and carrier arrangement simplifies assembly and disassembly of parts of the unit for maintenance and replacement purposes.

Abstract: A pail assembly for transporting two materials is disclosed. The pail assembly includes a pail for containing one of the materials, a container with a closure for containing the second material, a lid assembly with a receptacle molded into the lid assembly for closing the pail and supporting the container for the second material and a lid for closing the receptacle on the lid assembly.

Abstract: A sample display primarily intended to display colors and textures. The sample display includes multiple cards removably affixed to sheets. Colors and textures are displayed on swatches affixed to the cards. Individual cards can readily be removed from the sheets. The sheets can be bound together such as in a typical fan display.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic device for use with a recreational water vessel such as a surfboard, disrupts a flow of water under the recreational water vessel. A channel member (12) and a fixing device (14) are attachable to an underside of the recreational water vessel. The fixing device (14) may have lugs (44) arranged to be received in corresponding recesses in the underside of the vessel. Water flowing between the underside of the vessel and the channel member (12) passes from a high water-pressure zone to a low water-pressure zone, which enhances forward thrust of the recreational water vessel in the water.

Abstract: A drug delivery apparatus for dispensing predetermined volumes of drug, drug solution or other substances into an opening, such as a TMR channel in the human heart, or other laser treated area within the human body, the apparatus consisting of a bifurcated needle with a laser inlet for guiding a laser delivery means, such as an optical fiber or fiber bundle, to adjacent a surface of the human heart or other body structure for creating an opening, such as a TMR channel, or other laser treated area thereon. A drug inlet is for receiving the drug and transmitting the drug to the TMR channel or other laser treated area. Optionally, a piercing tip and/or suction device assists in positioning the apparatus adjacent the tissue to be treated. Drug is dispensed by manually or automatically actuating a piston or syringe element. A method of use is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tissue-ablation method and apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of RF ablation electrodes, and a plurality of sensor elements, each movable from retracted to deployed positions in a tissue to be ablated. A control device in the apparatus is operatively connected to the electrodes for supplying an RF power to the electrodes, to produce tissue ablation that advances from individual-electrode ablation regions to fill a combined-electrode ablation volume. The control device is operatively connected to the sensor elements for determining the extent of ablation in the regions of the sensor elements. The supply of RF power to the electrodes can thus be regulated to control the level and extent of tissue ablation throughout the combined-electrode volume. The electrodes are preferably hollow-needle electrodes through which liquid can be infused into the tissue, also under the control of the control unit, to modulate and optimize tissue ablation.

Abstract: A self-contained fishing system includes a telescopic, tubular fishing rod holder and support tower having an extendable and retractable upper end for pivotally supporting a fishing rod therefrom. A cavity is sized to contain the fishing rod in an assembled condition and a set of movable legs in a retractable condition. A closure device is removably fastened to an open, lower end thereof for supporting the fishing rod and the movable legs in a storage mode within the cavity. To define a fishing mode, with the upper end extended and the closure. device detached, the fishing rod is removed from the cavity and pivotally supported on the upper end. The legs are removed from the cavity, folded into an extended condition adapted to engage a support surface and the closure device is replaced such that the legs support the fishing rod holder and tower.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for amplifying RNA sequences by (a) hybridizing to a target RNA a first primer comprising a 3′ target RNA hybridizing sequence and a first 5′ defined amplifyable sequence; (b) extending the first primer with a reverse transcriptase to form a first cDNA strand; (c) hybridizing to the first cDNA strand a second primer comprising a 3′ random cDNA hybridizing sequence and a second 5′ defined amplifyable sequence; (d) extending the second primer with a DNA polymerase to form a second cDNA strand; and (e) amplifying the second cDNA strand with a third primer comprising the first 5′ defined amplifyable sequence.

Abstract: An optical network unit having an environmentally sealed printed circuit board arrangement within a first compartment and a signal in/out arrangement in a second compartment. The compartments are provided by two housings. Instead of replacing individual circuit boards in the case of breakdown or malfunction, replacement of the whole of the printed circuit board arrangement is necessary thereby eliminating human error and minimizing downtime. Two housings provide the two compartments. These housings are preferably mounted upon a housing mount and a carrier for the optical network unit is also preferably mounted upon the housing mount. This housing and carrier arrangement simplifies assembly and disassembly of parts of the unit for maintenance and replacement purposes.