Abstract: A battery support includes a rigid, thermally conductive upper plate having first and second opposing major surfaces. The support also includes at least one lower plate disposed on the second major surface and comprising a plurality of protrusions extending away from the second major surface and in fluid communication, the plurality of protrusions defining a first manifold portion, a second manifold portion, and plurality of non-linear passages extending along a first direction between the first and second manifolds, a cross-section of the plurality of protrusions defining the plurality of non-linear passages comprising a curved portion with a width that is at least twice the height of the curved portion. The support further includes a first conduit in fluid communication with the first manifold portion and a second conduit in fluid communication with the second manifold portion.

Abstract: A battery support includes a rigid, thermally conductive upper plate having first and second opposing major surfaces. The support also includes at least one lower plate disposed on the second major surface and comprising a plurality of protrusions extending away from the second major surface and in fluid communication, the plurality of protrusions defining a first manifold portion, a second manifold portion, and plurality of non-linear passages extending along a first direction between the first and second manifolds, a cross-section of the plurality of protrusions defining the plurality of non-linear passages comprising a curved portion with a width that is at least twice the height of the curved portion. The support further includes a first conduit in fluid communication with the first manifold portion and a second conduit in fluid communication with the second manifold portion.

Abstract: A system for packaging and using granulated solid dialysate concentrate. A bag is constructed to hold granulated or powder concentrate, having a V-shaped bottom with an access port in the bottom. Water is flowed through the access port and into the bag using suitable water control means. The incoming water lifts and suspends the granules or powder in a turbulent flow, thereby filling the container simultaneous with dissolving the granules or powder. The water with dissolve concentrate then constitutes the dialysis solution and is ready for use or transfer to a dialysate delivery machine.