Abstract: Electronic chain of custody systems and methods for use with drug testing protocols are provided. According to some embodiments of the present invention, an electronic chain of custody (“COC”) system provides a digitally stored chain of custody record. The digitally stored chain of custody record can be updated in various fashions including direct computer input of use chain of custody form. For example, the chain of custody form can be used in concert with a data gathering digital pen that can store and pass along pen movements (as data) related to the chain of custody form. Advantageously, the present invention's digital chain of custody system and process enables integration of data from multiple system participants to a digital chain of custody record that obviates the necessity of passing along a conventional paper record. In addition, components of the present invention allow printing the digital COC record and using data recording devices to record data (e.g.