Abstract: A modular system for constructing a coolant core/cylinder head structure, is described. The system comprises a modular coolant core having an inlet and an outlet, a plurality of passageways within an interior space of the coolant core, the passageways fluidly connecting, which create a specific coolant flow pattern between the inlet and the outlet, wherein the coolant core has a single pattern geometry for assembling into the cylinder head core box. Use of the individual modular coolant cores permits construction of customized cylinder heads, which use the same tooling across multiple engine platforms, while providing more uniform coolant velocity and heat rejection from cylinder to cylinder and improved structure with more uniform clamping load between head bolts around the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method for injection of a liquid reductant (17) into an exhaust gas (30) and for evaporating and decomposing the liquid reductant at an elevated temperature includes providing an exhaust pipe (12) having an interior surface (18) and disposing the exhaust pipe in fluid communication with and upstream of a catalyst (38). The method also includes the steps of disposing an internal cone (20) within the exhaust pipe (12) generally parallel to the exhaust pipe, mounting an injector (14) to the exterior of the exhaust pipe in fluid communication with the internal cone, injecting the liquid reductant into the internal cone, and directing the exhaust gas (30) in a passage between the interior surface (18) of the exhaust pipe and the internal cone. The exhaust gas (30) is also directed within the internal cone (20). The flow of exhaust gas (30) has an elevated temperature compared to an ambient.