Abstract: A human power conversion system incorporates two or more electric machines to aid in the powering of a vehicle through energy conversion. A first electric machine is coupled with the human powered input and acts as a generator when a human power input is not sufficient to produce electrical power that is provided to a second electric machine that propels the vehicle. The vehicle may be a bicycle and the first electric machine may be coupled to the crank. A bi-coupled electric machine including the first and second electric machines with a common rotor or stator may be employed and coupled to the crank and/or the driven wheel. Power produced by the first electric machine may be provided directly to the second machine or may be stored in a battery and used to propel the vehicle or power other electronic components.

Abstract: A human power conversion system incorporates two or more electric machines to aid in the powering of a vehicle through energy conversion. A first electric machine is coupled with the human powered input and acts as a generator when a human power input is not sufficient to produce electrical power that is provided to a second electric machine that propels the vehicle. The vehicle may be a bicycle and the first electric machine may be coupled to the crank. A bi-coupled electric machine including the first and second electric machines with a common rotor or stator may be employed and coupled to the crank and/or the driven wheel. Power produced by the first electric machine may be provided directly to the second machine or may be stored in a battery and used to propel the vehicle or power other electronic components.

Abstract: A digital video compression system and an apparatus implementing this system are disclosed. Specifically, matrices of pixels in the RGB signal format are converted into YUV representation, including a step of selectively sampling the chrominance components. The signals are then subjected to a discrete cosine transform (DCT). A circuitry implementing the DCT in a pipelined architecture is provided. A quantization step eliminates DCT coefficients having amplitude below a set of preset thresholds. The video signal is further compressed by coding the elements of the quantized matrices in a zig-zag manner. This representation is further compressed by Huffman codes. Decompression of the signal is substantially the reverse of compression steps. The inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) may be implemented by the DCT circuit. Circuits for implementing RGB to YUV conversion, DCT, quantization, coding and their decompression counterparts are disclosed.

Abstract: A digital video compression system and an apparatus implementing this system are disclosed. Specifically, matrices of pixels in the RGB signal format are converted into YUV representation, including a step of selectively sampling the chrominance components. The signals are then subjected to a discrete cosine transform (DCT). A circuitry implementing the DCT in a pipelined architecture is provided. A quantization step eliminates DCT coefficients having amplitude below a set of preset thresholds. The video signal is further compressed by coding the elements of the quantized matrices in a zig-zag manner. This representation is further compressed by Huffman codes. Decompression of the signal is substantially the reverse of compression steps. The inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) may be implemented by the DCT circuit. Circuits for implementing RGB to YUV conversion, DCT, quantization, coding and their decompression counterparts are disclosed.

Abstract: A digital video compression system and an apparatus implementing this system are disclosed. Specifically, matrices of pixels in the RGB signal format are converted into YUV representation, including a step of selectively sampling the chrominance components. The signals are then subjected to a discrete cosine transform (DCT). A circuitry implementing the DCT in a pipelined architecture is provided. A quantization step eliminates DCT coefficients having amplitude below a set of preset thresholds. The video signal is further compressed by coding the elements of the quantized matrices in a zig-zag manner. This representation is further compressed by Huffman codes. Decompression of the signal is substantially the reverse of compression steps. The inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) may be implemented by the DCT circuit. Circuits for implementing RGB to YUV conversion, DCT, quantization, coding and their decompression counterparts are disclosed.

Abstract: A method and a structure provide discrete cosine transform (DCT) and its inverse (IDCT) using digital FIR filters in a filter bank. The filter bank of the present invention forms a structure of cascaded filters, in which data are communicated only between filters having "parent-child" relationships. Each filter in the filter bank is required only to communicate with at most two other filters in the filter bank. Consequently, in any implementation, both the communication overhead between filters in the filter bank, and the circuit size are minimized. Therefore, the filter bank is particularly suited for integrated circuit implementation. In one embodiment, the filter bank is implemented in an image compression and decompression integrated circuit using a structure which includes pipeline registers, adders and multipliers. In that embodiment, the filter bank provides an 8-point DCT in each of the two passes of a 2-dimensional DCT used in a data compression operation.