Abstract: The present invention relates to measuring hydroxyl in an atmosphere, including forwarding sunlight and ultraviolet light into a gas cell; switching between nitrogen gas only, or nitrogen gas and water vapor, into the gas cell; emitting ultraviolet rays into the cell which breaks down the water vapor into hydroxyl; and detecting a difference between two states, including 1) an OFF state where only nitrogen gas does not react to the ultraviolet light or the sunlight and there is no OH filter and the detector detects light that OH absorbs; and 2) an ON state where the water vapor is broken down by the ultraviolet rays to produce hydroxyl, and the gas cell acts as an OH filter and does not detect the light that OH absorbs; where a difference in signals measured by the detector in the two states is proportional to a column abundance of OH in earth atmosphere.

Abstract: Cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (CEAS) may include a pulsed light emitting diode (LED) configured to emit a light towards a photomultiplier tube (PMT). CEAS may also include a cell, which includes a pair of reflective mirrors located at opposite ends of the cell. The pair of mirrors are configured to bounce the light back and forth a plurality of times increasing the effective path length of the cell. The PMT is configured to detect the emitted light for ozone absorption measurement.

Abstract: An element management system (EMS) for monitoring elements of a communication network utilizes a plurality of clients, a plurality of network elements, and an element management system (EMS). The clients and the network elements are interfaced with the EMS. The EMS is configured to track which of the network elements are of interest to the clients and to automatically monitor the network elements based on which of the network elements are determined, by the EMS, to be of interest to the clients. The EMS is further configured to provide the clients with information indicative of the monitored elements. Furthermore, the EMS may be configured to store graphical user interface (GUI) code that can be utilized to provide a GUI for monitoring and/or changing a network element. The EMS may provide the GUI code to the clients on demand and may enable a user to update the GUI code stored at the EMS.

Abstract: An element management system (EMS) for monitoring elements of a communication network utilizes a plurality of clients, a plurality of network elements, and an element management system (EMS). The clients and the network elements are interfaced with the EMS. The EMS is configured to track which of the network elements are of interest to the clients and to automatically monitor the network elements based on which of the network elements are determined, by the EMS, to be of interest to the clients. The EMS is further configured to provide the clients with information indicative of the monitored elements. Furthermore, the EMS may be configured to store graphical user interface (GUI) code that can be utilized to provide a GUI for monitoring and/or changing a network element. The EMS may provide the GUI code to the clients on demand and may enable a user to update the GUI code stored at the EMS.