Abstract: This invention claims ribonucleosides and their derivatives, including triphosphates, that have a 3?-ONH2 moiety instead of a 3?-OH moiety.

Abstract: Disclosed here are compositions of matter that comprise DNA analogues that have been rectified by replacing the four standard components with alternative components that mitigate various problems frequently encountered during synthesis of these compounds, during the functioning of these compounds, and complex mixtures for information data storage.

Abstract: Disclosed are PCR processes that transliterate target duplex DNA molecules containing 8 different nucleotide building blocks strategically arranged to allow efficient conversion of information in that target into DNA built from just four different nucleotides.

Abstract: Processes described here exploit the utility of mismatching nucleobase analogs to create long segments of natural DNA to be constructed after fragments containing unnatural nucleotides are transliterated in at least two cycles of polymerase-catalyzed copying, or alternatively complete PCR, by guided mismatching.

Abstract: This specification discloses compositions of matter and processes that allow the detection of RNA from coronaviruses and other RNA viruses, in particular, compositions and processes that have the capacity to detect in multiplexed form many RNA targets within individual viruses, targets from multiple viruses, and other RNA molecules that can be used as positive controls.

Abstract: Processes and devices are disclosed that detect RNA and DNA in a sample, including without limitation RNA from coronaviruses, with said processes generating a fluorescent signal if a segment of a specific RNA molecule is present in a sample.

Abstract: Nicotinamide ribose has many applications, including as a dietary supplement. This invention convers a process to prepare nicotinamide ribose it in its phosphorylated form. The instant invention is based on the discovery that nicotinamide ribose phosphate emerges in stable form by direct reaction of ribose-1,2-cyclic phosphate. It is based on the further conversion of the phosphorylated nicotinamide ribose product to unphosphorylated nicotinamide ribose upon treatment with an enzymatic phosphatase, most preferably in buffer containing borate. It is based on the further discovery that compositions of nicotinamide ribose with borate slow the decomposition of nicotinamide ribose, and therefore is more useful than compositions of nicotinamide ribose without borate.

Abstract: This invention claims processes that append a single nucleotide having a 3?-ONH2 moiety to the 3?-ends of an oligonucleotide primer using 3?-deoxynucleoside triphosphates that have, instead of a 3?-OH moiety, a 3?-ONH2 moiety, where the nucleotides contain both standard and non-standard nucleobases, and where as a key claim limitation, substantially no hydroxylamine is present in the solutions used in the claimed processes.

Abstract: This invention relates to nucleotide analogs and their derivatives (termed non-standard nucleotides) that, when incorporated into DNA and RNA, expand the number of nucleotides beyond the four found in standard DNA and RNA. The invention further relates to enzymatic processes that incorporate those non-standard nucleotide analogs into oligonucleotide products using the corresponding triphosphate derivatives. The RNA polymerases of the instant invention transcribe DNA containing nonstandard nucleotides to give RNA containing nonstandard nucleotides, where certain of those nucleotides have nucleobases that do not present electron density to the minor groove.

Abstract: This invention provides for processes for creating a long DNA molecule that is a concatamer that comprises a repeating oligonucleotide segment, wherein one or more of the nucleotides of said segment has one or more independently selected templating “non-standard” nucleotides. These are nucleotide analogs that, when incorporated into oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA, collectively xNA), present to a pattern of hydrogen bonds that is different from the pattern presented by adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. This disclosure provides a process for obtaining these using rolling circle amplification.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes that transcribe DNA molecules containing non-standard nucleotides using variants of T7 RNA polymerase to give RNA transcripts that contain their complementary non-standard nucleotides. Non-standard nucleotides pair during transcription using patterns of hydrogen bonding that are different from patterns that join the thymine-adenine and guanine-cytosine nucleobase pairs.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed that create derivative DNA molecules in large numbers under isothermal conditions, where amplification of a looped structure derived from a target is achieved by a process that separately or in combination includes (a) a displaceable probe that (b) may be captured in a separate site, optionally containing (c) components of an artificially expanded genetic information system, where the primers optionally contain (d) components of a self-avoiding molecular recognition system, and optionally (e) involving direct transfer of DNA or RNA from a sample from a capture medium with immobilized quaternary ammonium salts.

Abstract: The disclosed invention teaches processes to create a Watson-Crick complementary copy of a preselected oligonucleotide that contain non-standard nucleotides, which form nucleobase pairs fitting the standard Watson-Crick geometry, but here said pairs are joined by hydrogen bonding patterns different from those that join standard A:T and G:C pairs. The invention further relates to polymerases that incorporate those non-standard nucleotide analogs into oligonucleotide products using the corresponding triphosphate derivatives.

Abstract: This invention relates to processes that amplify oligonucleotide analogs that incorporate non-standard nucleobase analogs from an artificially expanded genetic information system. These pair in DNA duplexes via patterns of hydrogen bonds that differ from patterns that join the thymine-adenine and guanine-cytosine nucleobase pairs.

Abstract: This invention covers oligonucleotide analogs that fold in part by having a segment of consecutive pyrimidine analogs form pyrimidine analog:pyrimidine analog pairs with another a segment of consecutive pyrimidine analogs segment, and where the segments pair by pyrimidine analog:pyrimidine analog “skinny” pairing. This pairing retains hydrogen bonding complementarity seen in standard DNA.

Abstract: This invention relates to the use of analogs of purines that have two tautomeric forms, one formally complementary to thymidine, the other formally complementary to cytidine, and analogs of pyrimidines that have two tautomeric forms, one formally complementary to guanosine, the other formally complementary to adenosine. These uses include the polymerase chain reaction amplification of targets having polymorphisms in primer binding sites and ligation.

Abstract: This invention claims processes that comprise the appending of nucleotides having a 3?-ONH2 moiety to the 3?-ends of oligonucleotide primers using 3?-deoxynucleoside triphosphates of 2?-deoxynucleoside derivatives that have, instead of a 3?-OH moiety, a 3?-ONH2 moiety, where the nucleotides contain non-standard nucleobases.

Abstract: This invention provides for processes for binding to and/or chemically transforming a preselected target, where the process involves contacting said target to an oligonucleotide molecule that contains one or more “non-standard” nucleotides, which are nucleotide analogs that, when incorporated into oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA, collectively xNA), present to a pattern of hydrogen bonds that is different from the pattern presented by adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil. This disclosure provides an example where such an oligonucleotide molecule is built from both D- and L-mirror image carbohydrates in the backbone. It also provides a process for obtaining these binders and/or transformers by a laboratory in vitro selection process that exploits rolling circle amplification rather than the polymerase chain reaction.

Abstract: This invention claims aqueous compositions that comprise triphosphates of 2?-deoxynucleoside derivatives that have, instead of a 3?-OH moiety, a 3?-ONH2 moiety; wherein said compositions contain less than 0.5 mole percent contaminating triphosphate having a 3?-OH moiety, as well as processes for providing such compositions. The compositions further must contain insubstantial amounts of hydroxylamine.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes that use DNA polymerases to extend primers annealed to templates, wherein a standard nucleotide in the template guiding the extension directs the incorporation of a nonstandard nucleotide analog into the product duplex opposite that standard template nucleotide, and processes wherein a nonstandard nucleotide in the template guiding the extension directs the incorporation of a standard nucleotide analog opposite the nonstandard template nucleotide. Conditions, including the pH of the mixture where the primer extension is done and the composition of triphosphate mixtures where the primary extensions done, are disclosed.