Abstract: The invention relates to a process of preparing a chiral compound of the formula: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl, and R2 and R2′ are the same, and R2 and R2′ are selected from a group consisting of hydrogen and primary alkyl, or R2 and R2′ taken together form a C3 to C6 cycloalkyl, comprising the steps of chirally reducing a &bgr;-keto ester to afford a &bgr;-hydroxy ester, activating the &bgr;-hydroxy ester by treatment with a sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof to provide an activated compound having sulfonate leaving group, displacing the sulfonate leaving group with an azido moiety, or treating the activated compound with an alkylamine, deprotecting and cyclizing to afford a pyrrolidinone, and reducing the pyrrolidinone to afford a stereoisomerically preferred 3-aminopyrrolidine derivative.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is disclosed, as well as processes for and intermediates in the preparation thereof, and a method of antagonizing endothelin.

Abstract: A fault tolerant processing system including a prediction RAM employs a Lock Step Compare routine. The method developed allows the processing system to recover from single event upsets. In initialization, the branch prediction RAM is set to a known value. An engineering balance is achieved by adding logic to detect a branch RAM error and incurring the delay of re-initializing the entire RAM only when a RAM error has been detected.

Abstract: .beta.- or .gamma.-Ketoesters and .beta.- or .gamma.-ketoamides are asymmetrically reduced with a Ru(II)-BINAP derived catalyst at about 40.degree. C. and about 50 N/mm.sup.2 of hydrogen in the presence of a strong acid.

Abstract: A fault-tolerant computer system having shadow registers for storing the contents of a primary array into a shadow array at the completion of a stored instruction execution. This is accomplished in one clock cycle with all registers being shadowed simultaneously. During rollback of execution steps for a checkpoint retry, the shadow register files provide a signal cycle unload of the shadow array into the primary array. LSSD latches are used in the shadow register file.

Abstract: .beta.- or .gamma.-Ketoesters and .beta.- or .gamma.-ketoamides are asymmetrically reduced with a Ru(II)-BINAP derived catalyst at about 40.degree. C. and about 50N/mm.sup.2 of hydrogen in the presence of a strong acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel microbial bioconversion process for the synthesis of a trans-hydroxy sulfone intermediate, which is the precursor to topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (TCAI's). TCAI's are effective in the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The bioconversion process is carried out in the presence of the microorganism Rhodotorula rubra, or Rhodotorula piliminae and results in a trans-hydroxy sulfone which exhibits a diastereomeric excess of greater than 95%.

Abstract: A computer memory system having partitioned page address for instructions and operands. The partitioning scheme for the virtual addressing memory minimizes the delay between the translation logic and the page translation RAMs. Computer processor performance is delayed by only a single clock cycle by the sharing of the memory address bus control between two address processors.

Abstract: A data processing system includes branch prediction apparatus for storing branch data in a branch prediction RAM after each branch has occurred. The RAM interfaces with branch logic means which tracks whether a branch is in progress and if a branch was guessed. An operational code compression means forms each instruction into a new operation code of lesser bits and embeds a guess bit into the new operational code. Control means decode the compressed operational code as an input to an instruction execution unit whereby conditional branch occurs based on the guess bit provided a branch instruction is not in progress in the system.

Abstract: A system and method for managing the nonvolatile memory capacity of individual workstations within a data processing network having a multiplicity of workstations with resident nonvolatile memory devices. In the context of the embodying network, the invention provides for a selective querying of workstations to determine unused disk capacity, a comparison of such capacity to a threshold defined for the respective workstation, and the generation of an event message indicating sub-threshold capacity. The event is subject to local or network logging, and can include information identifying the workstation and its disk capacity status. A refinement of the invention contemplates the reallocation of disk capacity within the network to avoid premature termination of programs executing on a workstation upon the finding of a sub-threshold capacity in the workstation.