Abstract: A malware detection system based on stored data that analyzes an electronic message for threats by comparing it to previously received messages in a message archive or to a contacts list. Threat protection rules may be generated dynamically based on the message and contacts history. A message that appears suspicious may be blocked, or the system may insert warnings to the receiver not to provide personal information without verifying the message. Threat checks may look for unknown senders, senders with identities that are similar to but not identical to previous senders or to known contacts, or senders that were added only recently as contacts. Links embedded in messages may be checked by comparing them to links previously received or to domain names of known contacts. The system may flag messages as potential threats if they contradict previous messages, or if they appear unusual compared to the patterns of previous messages.

Abstract: A malware detection system based on stored data that analyzes an electronic message for threats by comparing it to previously received messages in a message archive or to a contacts list. Threat protection rules may be generated dynamically based on the message and contacts history. A message that appears suspicious may be blocked, or the system may insert warnings to the receiver not to provide personal information without verifying the message. Threat checks may look for unknown senders, senders with identities that are similar to but not identical to previous senders or to known contacts, or senders that were added only recently as contacts. Links embedded in messages may be checked by comparing them to links previously received or to domain names of known contacts. The system may flag messages as potential threats if they contradict previous messages, or if they appear unusual compared to the patterns of previous messages.

Abstract: An electronic message threat protection system that incorporates user authorization to ensure that only authorized users receive the benefits of the system's protection. The system protects against threats such as phishing attacks or malware embedded in attached files. References to resources in messages, such as links or attachments, are transformed into protected references that may for example insert a level of indirection between the user and the resource. Use of a protected reference triggers a user authorization check; if the user is an authorized user, the system provides access via a security mechanism that mitigates potential threats. Unauthorized users are denied access. A message recipient may deliberately or inadvertently distribute copies of the message or of the protected references; however, the authorization check ensures that recipients of the copies can only access resources via these copies if they are authorized users.

Abstract: An electro-thermostatic expansion valve (ETXV) includes a valve body having a thermostatic actuator controlled by a Peltier thermoelectric module. The valve may be electronically controlled in response to measured parameters at critical locations in refrigeration, heating, pneumatic and hydraulic systems. A preferred method of controlling the ETXV valve involves the use of pressure or temperature sensors located on the expansion head of the ETXV or on an external device controlled by the ETXV. The sensors provide feedback signals to a micro-controller, and the micro-controller directly controls the thermoelectric module. An alternate method of controlling the new ETXV involves the use of operator inputs provided to a micro-controller which controls the thermoelectric module. The operator can manually adjust the micro-controller in response to observed process parameters. The ETXV can be configured to use one or both sides of the thermoelectric module to control the valve actuator.

Abstract: An integrated optical intensity modulator. The modulator is an optical waveguide on a semi-insulating substrate and having a core layer for transmitting an optical signal. The modulator includes contiguous the core layer an active cladding which has a multicoupled quantum well structure. The multicoupled quantum well includes at least one pair of quantum wells separated by a barrier. The modulator further includes first and second additional claddings wherein the core layer and the active cladding are interposed between the additional claddings. A voltage source generates an electric field through the active cladding which varies the refractive index of the active cladding as a function of the strength of the electric field for modulating the optical signal.

Abstract: A tapered waveguide for transmitting optical signals from a signal source to an optical fiber is fabricated by irradiating a layer of prepolymer resin on a substrate with a converging beam of ultraviolet light, whereby the irradiated resin polymerizes into a clear, hard polymer and the resin that has not been irradiated remains in its resinous state. The unpolymerized resin is removed with an organic solvent. The variation in width of the waveguide is achieved by varying the distance between the source of the converging beam of ultraviolet light, thereby varying the diameter of the spot that is being irradiated, while simultaneously moving the source of ultraviolet light parallel to the axis of the waveguide. Variation in thickness of the waveguide is achieved by sloping the substrate.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the operability of a semiconductor chip including at least one bond between the semiconductor chip and at least one electrical lead, the at least one electrical lead having a first surface, the at least one bond connecting the first surface to the semiconductor chip. The apparatus has a handling carrier rigidly supporting the semiconductor chip, a test socket containing the handling carrier for providing an electrical path from the test socket to the at least one electrical lead and through the at least one bond to the semiconductor chip and back, and a computer for applying an electrical signal to the electrical path for generating an output signal. A gas nozzle is provided, positionable near the first surface, for directing a gas flow at the first surface while an electrical signal is applied. The gas flow generates a force on the electrical lead in a direction away from the semiconductor chip.

Abstract: The present invention utilizes the internal photovoltaic effect of a GaAs SFET to mix an RF modulated optical signal with a microwave signal. As those skilled in the art will readily recognize, a GaAs MESFET generically comprises an n layer of GaAs (channel) deposited on semi-insulating GaAs (substrate). Source, gate and drain electrodes are then formed on the channel with the gate acting as a Schottky barrier. In this standard MESFET, the difference in doping between the channel and substrate produces a potential barrier. It has been found that when the device is illuminated, the potential barrier is reduced in the region between the source and the gate and drain and the gate. This reduced potential barrier allows more drain current to flow from the device. It has been found that this drain current photoresponse is highly non-linear with respect the gate voltage applied to the device and therefore, it may be used to mix RF modulated optical signals with microwave signals.