Abstract: An agricultural system includes a controller comprising a memory and a processor. The controller is configured to receive a sensor signal, determine a current flow based on the sensor signal, determine whether the current flow exceeds a current threshold for a time threshold, and operate a drive system of the agricultural system in an alternative operation instead of a normal operation in response to determining the current flow exceeds the current threshold for the time threshold.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of generating a transaction for a blockchain, the transaction being for transferring an amount of a digital asset from a first party to a second party. The method comprises generating a first transaction comprising an output locking the amount of the digital asset, the output comprising an output script comprising a plurality of criterion components each requiring a respective input data item, and a plurality of counter script components. Each criterion component is associated with one of the counter script components. The output script is configured so as to, when executed alongside an input script of a second transaction, i) increment a counter each time a respective criterion component is satisfied by a respective input data item of the input script, and ii) to require the counter to increment to at least a predetermined number in order to be unlocked by the input script.

Abstract: The invention comprises a computer-implemented method and system for controlling an exchange process, such as a loan, conducted between at least two parties via a blockchain such as the Bitcoin blockchain. A method according to the invention may comprise the step of generating a first blockchain transaction which includes a redeem script. The redeem script comprises a cryptographic public key associated with an initiating party and metadata which includes a hash of an exchange-related document; a redeem address; and an amount of digital currency. A second blockchain transaction is generated and published to the blockchain so as to spend the digital currency to the redeem address. This provides the advantage that the further transaction will be publically available and thus detectable by other parties once it has been published. The further transaction can provide the information necessary to trigger a response e.g. an offer from another (responding) party who publishes their response on the blockchain.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method (100) and system (1) for determining a metadata M for securing a controlled digital resource such as computer software using a distributed hash table (13) and a peer-to-peer distributed ledger (14). This is a blockchain such as the Bitcoin blockchain. The method includes determining (110) a data associated with the computer software and determining (120) a first hash value based on the computer software. A second hash value based on the data and the computer software may be determined (130). The method further includes sending 140, over a communications network (5), the data, the first hash value and the second hash value to an entry for storage in a distributed hash table (13). The second hash value may be a key of a key-value pair. The data and the first hash value may be a value in the key-value pair. A metadata (M) that is based on the second hash value may be determined (150) for storage on the peer-to-peer distributed ledger (14).

Abstract: In one aspect, the present disclosure proposes methods, devices and systems and devices for providing a new structured data pertaining to blockchain transactions to implement a new data structure. This new data structure is provided to implement a distributed database. In another aspect, a new distributed data management system (DBMS) is provided, that can manage data associated with the new data structure. However, unlike a conventional DBMS for traditional databases, the present disclosure provides a blockchain DBMS that is configured to managed data associated with one or more blockchain transactions, said data being stored in the new data structure. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for generating or providing one or more blockchain transactions for implementing one or more standard database commands that are received for accessing or manipulating a database, where the data is stored on the new data structure.

Abstract: A method of communicating a secret (k0, k1) on the Bitcoin blockchain is disclosed. The method comprises sending information identifying secrets selectable by the recipient and receiving a first public key (Ui) of an elliptic curve cryptography system, corresponding to a first secret (Si) selected for access by the recipient and for which a first private key (m) is accessible to the recipient. A second public key (U1-i) is received, corresponding to a second secret not selected for access by the recipient, wherein a corresponding second private key is not available to the recipient. First and second secrets encrypted by means of the respective first and second public keys (X0, X1) are sent to the recipient, wherein the first secret is accessible to the recipient by means of the first private key, the second secret is inaccessible to the recipient, and the sender is unable to distinguish between the first and second secrets.

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods and corresponding systems for the sharing, storage, creation and accessing of data stored on a blockchain eg the Bitcoin blockchain. It may form part of a protocol for searching the blockchain for content/data. A method in accordance with the invention may be used for associating or linking data stored within (separate/different) blockchain transactions to enable the identification, retrieval and/or sharing of data stored therein. Additionally, or alternatively, it facilitates identification of transactions (TX) in a blockchain which store content/data that needs to be shared, transmitted, stored and/or accessed by a user. Such a method comprises the step of mapping a mnemonic to: 1) a public key (PK) associated with the transaction (TX); and 2) the transaction ID (TXID) of the transaction (TX).

Abstract: The invention provides improved methods and systems for storing, sharing retrieving, writing and accessing data (content) on a blockchain. The invention may form part of a protocol for storing, searching and accessing the data. An embodiment of the invention comprises the step of processing at least one blockchain transaction (Tx) comprising: a protocol flag; a discretionary public key (DPK); and a discretionary transaction ID (DTx ID). These are discretionary in the sense that they are not required as part of the underlying blockchain protocol but in accordance with the present invention. This combination of features enables portions of data to be identified, retrieved and shared on a blockchain, and also to be linked/associated with one another when provided in a plurality of transactions. It enables a graph or tree-like structure to be constructed, which reflects the hierarchical relationships between portions of data, facilitating their processing, searching and sharing.

Abstract: A method of creating, redeeming, and transferring tokens on a peer-to-peer distributed ledger including generating a blockchain transaction having an output related to a quantity of cryptocurrency, and a hash of a redeem script usable for spending the output. The redeem script comprises metadata, which in turn comprises a token representing a tokenised entity. The redeem script additionally comprises at least one public cryptographic key. The metadata is provided in the redeem script at a location designated in the underlying blockchain protocol as a location for a cryptographic key.

Abstract: A fire extinguisher system. The system includes a first fire extinguisher containing a first agent that is suitable for extinguishing fire, the first fire extinguisher having a first discharge port for discharging the first agent therethrough, and a first actuator for actuating the first discharge port. The system also includes a second, similar fire extinguisher. The system also includes a valve coupled to the first discharge port via a first line and coupled to the second discharge port via a second line, wherein the valve is configured to release the first agent and the second agent into a third line. The system also includes a controller connected to the first actuator and the second actuator, the controller configured to activate the first actuator and the second actuator in a predetermined sequence.

Abstract: A method of enabling knowledge proof in a blockchain transaction is disclosed. The method comprises sending, from a verifier to a prover, a blockchain transaction redeemable by means of data including (i) first data (y) based on a combination of an ephemeral key (r), second data (c) and a private key of a public-private key pair of a cryptography system, wherein the public key (v) is based on an integer generator raised to a first power, wherein the first power is based on the private key, and wherein knowledge of the private key is required in order to determine the ephemeral key from the first data, and (ii) third data (x) based on the integer generator raised to a second power, wherein the second power is based on the ephemeral key.

Abstract: A computer-implemented security method is provided. The method may be implemented on one or more blockchains, such as the Bitcoin Cash blockchain.

Abstract: The present disclosure proposes methods and devices for facilitating IP transaction involving digital assets over the Internet directly based on IP addresses for entities. The aspects and embodiments of the present disclosure enable secure IP address transactions by ensuring that the public key of the recipient is never used in the generation of payment destination addresses, thereby making message replay and MITM attacks extremely hard to implement by an attacker. Furthermore, the aspects and embodiments ensure that the payment destination addresses for digital assets are based on new or single use private as well as public keys that are computed or provided based on the public key for the recipient and are specific to a given transaction.

Abstract: A specialized network (“merchant”) node to facilitate fast distribution of blockchain transactions over a network of interconnected nodes, as subset of which are merchant nodes interconnected by an overlay network. The merchant node includes a memory storing an assigned portion of a distributed mempool structured as a distributed hash table, the distributed mempool containing pending transactions awaiting confirmation. The merchant node operates by receiving a transaction, including a transaction identifier; hashing the new transaction identifier to obtain a key; determining, using the key, whether the transaction is stored in the distributed mempool or not and, if not, then storing the transaction in the distributed mempool as a pending transaction; and sending the transaction to a set of nodes other than merchant nodes using peer-to-peer connections. The invention may be used in conjunction with the Bitcoin blockchain or an alternative.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method (and corresponding system) is provided that enables or facilitates the execution of a portion of source code, written in a high-level language (HLL), on a blockchain platform. The method and system can include a blockchain compiler, arranged to convert a portion of high-level source code into a form that can be used with a blockchain platform. This may be the Bitcoin blockchain or an alternative. The method can include: receiving the portion of source code as input; and generating an output script comprising a plurality of op codes. The op codes are a subset of op codes that are native to a functionally-restricted, blockchain scripting language. The outputted script is arranged and/or generated such that, when executed, the script provides, at least in part, the functionality specified in the source code.

Abstract: Techniques described herein may be utilized to serialise and de-serialise arithmetic circuits that are utilized in the execution of computer programs. The arithmetic circuit may be utilized to build a Quadratic Arithmetic Problem (QAP) that is compiled into a set of cryptographic routines for a client and a prover. The client and prover may utilize a protocol to delegate execution of a program to the prover in a manner that allows the client to efficiently verify the prover correctly executed the program. The arithmetic circuit may comprise a set of symbols (e.g., arithmetic gates and values) that is compressed to produce a serialised circuit comprising a set of codes, wherein the set of symbols is derivable from the set of codes in a lossless manner. Serialisation and de-serialisation techniques may be utilized by nodes of a blockchain network.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for establishing information on a state of a machine-executable contract in the context of unspent transactions (UTXOs), blockchain and deterministic finite automaton implementation of contracts, and determination of states within those. Stages of a method include determining information of interest and codes or tags identifying that information, constructing metadata associated with those codes or tags, and combining the metadata with a public key for an agent associated with the information. ScriptPubKey values of each script are used to provide keys for constructing a database and mapping the keys from the scriptPubKey values, linked to the information. A derivation of script hash addresses from the scriptPubKey values is used to populate a digital wallet. A search and match algorithm is used to find UTXOs with matching script hash addresses on a blockchain. The database is populated with UTXOs that match the script hash addresses and keys to complete the combinations.

Abstract: The invention relates to distributed ledger technologies such as consensus-based blockchains. Computer-implemented methods for a self-replicating smart contract with termination condition are described. The invention is implemented using a blockchain network, which may be, for example, a Bitcoin blockchain. A first transaction to validate is received at a node in a blockchain network. The first transaction includes a first script that, as a result of being executed, causes the node to at least obtain a first set of field values of the first transaction, with the first set of field values including a third script, and obtain a second set of field values of a second transaction, with the second set of field values including a copy of the second script. A second transaction is obtained.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a blockchain-implemented system and method of controlling the transmission and/or distribution of digital content. A first user is associated with a deposit quantity of cryptocurrency at a common address. A first node associated with the first user sends a request to the second node to provide an episode of digital content from a series of digital content; determines a payment transaction to transfer a payment quantity of cryptocurrency to the second user, wherein the payment quantity is based on a quantity of episodes of digital content in the series; and signs and sends the payment transaction to a second node. The second node associated with the second user: receives the request and the payment transaction; verifies the payment transaction; and based on the result of verifying: provides access to the episode of digital content to be available to the first node; and co-signs and sends the payment transaction to a distributed ledger.

Abstract: A computer implemented system and a method for providing user related data, such as reputational information, on users of a blockchain involved in transactions is detailed. The method includes an approach for evaluating fulfilment of transactions, particularly in the context of contracts, and then providing a record of that on the blockchain through reputational information. As a result, at a late time, this reputational information can be retrieved. Similar reputational information for other transactions can be retrieved and linked to the same user, for instance based on the use of a hash of the master public key for a user. Aggregate reputational information can be computed from the pieces of reputational information retrieved.