Abstract: An adjustable stenosis provides a channel comprising an outer wall and an inner wall. The inner wall may comprise resiliently flexible material. A reservoir may be formed by the outer wall and inner wall. The flexibility of the inner wall allows the reservoir to expand into the channel to increase stenosis and to contract toward the outer wall to decrease stenosis. The reservoir may have a default expanded shape or a default contracted shape. The default shape may be maintained unless the pressure or amount of filler material in the reservoir is manipulated. The reservoir may have one or more chambers. The channel may be attached to a natural lumen or a graft or may be placed around the lumen or graft.

Abstract: An endothelial scaffold may used to form a graft with an endothelial lining or endothelium. The scaffold allows a natural vessel or other endothelial lumen to line a channel of the scaffold to provide an endothelial layer which enhances blood flow through the channel. The channel may have a narrowed section to provide a stenosis. One or more conduits may extend from an exterior portion of the scaffold to an inner surface of the channel. Air may be withdrawn from between the natural vessel and inner surface of the channel via the conduits to cause the endothelial lumen to conform to the inner surface of the channel. A valve may be used to prevent air from reentering the conduits. The graft, including the endothelial lumen, may be implanted into a patient.

Abstract: An improved vascular graft having increased patency is disclosed herein. The graft may comprise a central or other stenosis. In addition, in some embodiments, the graft may comprise an internal reservoir and a collapsible portion configured to self-adjust the stenosis based on blood flow pressure. The graft may comprise an endothelial lining, one or more drug eluting materials, or both to increase patency by respectively reducing clots and preventing unwanted cellular or fibrin growth. The endothelial lining may be formed from one or more endothelial cells artificially grown or harvested from a patient's vascular system.

Abstract: A self adjusting venous equalizing graft (SAVE graft) which provides a self regulating stenosis is provided herein. The SAVE graft responds to increases or decreases in blood pressure which allows a higher pressure at the graft's arterial end and a lower pressure at the graft's venous end. This is ideal in that it mimics the natural pressure of a patient's circulatory system. A dialysis machine may draw blood at the arterial end, dialyze the blood, and return the blood to the patient at the graft's venous end. The lower pressure at the venous end prevents damage to the patient's vein. The SAVE graft may comprise a deformable stenosis control diaphragm or a venous controlled pressure nozzle which may expand or contract in response to blood pressure to self regulate the stenosis provided by the SAVE graft.