Abstract: Devices for debilitating airborne infectious agents in an enclosed space, and associated systems and methods, are disclosed herein. A representative device includes a housing extending in an axial direction from a first to a second end. The housing includes an internal chamber defining an airflow pathway extending in the axial direction. The internal chamber includes a surface, at least a portion of which is reflective. The housing also includes a first opening toward the first end and positioned to allow air flow into the internal chamber, and a second opening toward the second end and positioned to allow air flow out of the internal chamber. The device can also include an air mover in fluid communication with the internal chamber and a light emitting diode (LED) component contained in the internal chamber. The LED component is positioned to emit ultraviolet (UV) radiation into the internal chamber toward the reflective surface.