Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products for direct assignment of physical devices to confidential virtual machines (VMs). At a first guest privilege context of a guest partition, a direct assignment of a physical device associated with a host computer system to the guest partition is identified. The guest partition includes the first guest privilege context and a second guest privilege context, which is restricted from accessing memory associated with the first guest privilege context. The guest partition corresponds to a confidential VM, such that a memory region associated with the guest partition is inaccessible to a host operating system. It is determined, based on a policy, that the physical device is allowed to be directly assigned to the guest partition. Communication between the physical device and the second guest privilege context is permitted, such as by exposing the physical device on a virtual bus and/or forwarding an interrupt.

Abstract: A method of treatment of diarrhea-predominant IBS in a subject, comprising administering a composition comprising cilansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof to achieve a plasma cilansetron concentration between about 0.1 ng/mL and about 25 ng/mL.

Abstract: A method of treatment of diarrhea-predominant IBS in a subject, comprising administering to a subject in need of treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising cilansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof; and providing information that indicates that constipation, abdominal pain, upper respiratory tract infection and/or nausea may occur after administering the composition.

Abstract: A method of improving stool frequency in a subject having diarrhea-predominant IBS, comprising administering a composition comprising cilansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof to a subject in need of treatment in an amount sufficient to decrease stool frequency within 2 days or less of administering.

Abstract: A method of treatment of symptoms associated with diarrhea-predominant IBS and nonconstipated IBS in a female subject receiving contraceptive therapy, which comprises administering a physiologically effective amount of cilansetron or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof.