Abstract: A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex precursor includes reacting a ruthenium refinery salt with a hydrogen halide to form a ruthenium intermediate, and reacting the ruthenium intermediate with an L-type ligand to form the ruthenium carbene complex precursor. A method for preparing a ruthenium vinylcarbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium hydrido halide complex, and reacting the ruthenium hydrido halide complex with a propargyl halide to form the ruthenium vinylcarbene complex. A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium carbene complex having a structure (PR1R2R3)2Cl2Ru?CH—R4, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are alike or different, and wherein covalent bonds may optionally exist between two or more of R1, R2, and R3 and/or two of R1, R2, and R3 taken together may optionally form a ring with phosphorous.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks and partially hydrogenating polyunsaturated olefins and polyunsaturated esters. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the polyunsaturated olefins from the polyunsaturated esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise partially hydrogenating the polyunsaturated olefins in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein at least a portion of the polyunsaturated olefins are converted to monounsaturated olefins. In other embodiments, the methods further comprise partially hydrogenating the polyunsaturated esters in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein at least a portion of the polyunsaturated esters are converted to monounsaturated esters.

Abstract: An encrypted traffic signal device controller (TSDC) and an Electronic Variable Message Sign (EVMS) at intersection roadways and related traffic intersections where the invention system is installed at traffic light intersections which will be triggered at the red light sequence where vehicles/pedestrian/cyclists are stopped. After the traffic light turns red, the time delay of the red light will trigger an audio and visual public announcement which will be of assistance to the driver and enable the driver to pay attention to the announcement without being concerned about diverting the driver's attention from driving the vehicle since the vehicle is stopped at a red light and the driver can devote his attention to reading the information provided.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a jet fuel composition from a feedstock comprising a natural oil. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock with oxygen under conditions sufficient to form an oxygen-cleaved product. The methods further comprise hydrogenating the oxygen-cleaved product under conditions sufficient to form a jet fuel composition.

Abstract: High-purity dibasic acid compositions are generally disclosed. In some embodiments, the dibasic acid compositions are solutions or suspensions. In some other embodiments, the compositions are solid-state compositions. In some such embodiments, the solid-state compositions include a dibasic acid as a crystalline solid and further include a low quantity of certain impurities, such as monobasic acids, various esters, and the like. Methods and systems for making such high-purity dibasic acid compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: A metathesized natural oil composition comprising a blend of (i) a high molecular weight metathesized natural oil, and (ii) at least 10% of metathesized natural oil back blended with the high molecular weight metathesized natural oil. The blend has a number average molecular weight in the range from about 300 g/mol to about 76,000 g/mol, a weight average molecular weight in the range from about 300 g/mol to about 81,000 g/mol, a z-average molecular weight in the range from about 300 g/mol to about 87,000 g/mol, and a polydispersity index of about 0.5 to about 1.5. The metathesized natural oil composition is metathesized at least once.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks and producing dibasic esters and/or dibasic acids. The methods comprise reacting a terminal olefin with an internal olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form a dibasic ester and/or dibasic acid. In certain embodiments, the olefin esters are formed by reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters, separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product, and transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product having olefin esters.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a jet fuel composition from a feedstock including a natural oil. The methods include reacting the feedstock with a low-weight olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product. The methods further include hydrogenating the metathesized product under conditions sufficient to form a jet fuel composition.

Abstract: A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex precursor includes reacting a ruthenium refinery salt with a hydrogen halide to form a ruthenium intermediate, and reacting the ruthenium intermediate with an L-type ligand to form the ruthenium carbene complex precursor. A method for preparing a ruthenium vinylcarbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium hydrido halide complex, and reacting the ruthenium hydrido halide complex with a propargyl halide to form the ruthenium vinylcarbene complex. A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium carbene complex having a structure (PR1R2R3)2Cl2Ru?CH—R4, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are alike or different, and wherein covalent bonds may optionally exist between two or more of R1, R2, and R3 and/or two of R1, R2, and R3 taken together may optionally form a ring with phosphorous.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product comprising olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise hydrogenating the olefins under conditions sufficient to form a fuel composition. In certain embodiments, the methods further comprise transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a jet fuel composition from a feedstock comprising a natural oil. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock with a low-weight olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product. The methods further comprise hydrogenating the metathesized product under conditions sufficient to form a jet fuel composition.

Abstract: Methods are provided for producing a jet fuel composition from a feedstock comprising a natural oil. The methods comprise reacting the feedstock with oxygen under conditions sufficient to form an oxygen-cleaved product. The methods further comprise hydrogenating the oxygen-cleaved product under conditions sufficient to form a jet fuel composition.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods include reacting the feedstock with a low-molecular-weight olefin or mid-weight olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst under conditions sufficient to form a metathesized product including olefins and esters. In certain embodiments, the methods further include separating the olefins from the esters in the metathesized product. In certain embodiments, the methods further include transesterifying the esters in the presence of an alcohol to form a transesterified product.

Abstract: Methods are provided for refining natural oil feedstocks. The methods include reacting the feedstock with a molar excess of low-molecular-weight olefins in the presence of a metathesis catalyst. In certain embodiments, the methods further include separating at least a portion of the unreacted low-molecular-weight olefins. In certain embodiments, the methods further include recycling the separated unreacted low-molecular-weight olefins.

Abstract: A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex precursor includes reacting a ruthenium refinery salt with a hydrogen halide to form a ruthenium intermediate, and reacting the ruthenium intermediate with an L-type ligand to form the ruthenium carbene complex precursor. A method for preparing a ruthenium vinylcarbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium hydrido halide complex, and reacting the ruthenium hydrido halide complex with a propargyl halide to form the ruthenium vinylcarbene complex. A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium carbene complex having a structure (PR1R2R3)2Cl2Ru?CH—R4, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are alike or different, and wherein covalent bonds may optionally exist between two or more of R1, R2, and R3.

Abstract: A control system (706) provides automated control of gas washout of a patient interface, such as a mask or nasal prongs. A gas washout vent assembly (60) of the system may include a variable exhaust area such as one defined by overlapping apertures of the assembly or a conduit having a variable gas passage channel. The vent assembly may be formed by nested structures, such as conic or cylindrical members, each having an opening of the overlapping apertures. The vent assembly may be attached substantially near or included with the patient interface. An actuator of the assembly, such as a solenoid or voice coil, manipulates an aperture of the vent assembly. The actuator may be configured for control by a controller to change the exhaust area of the vent assembly based on various methodologies including, for example, sleep detection, disordered breathing event detection, rebreathing volume calculation and/or leak detection.

Abstract: The oligomerization of certain carboxylic acids and alkyl esters derived from natural oils is disclosed. This includes the oligomerization of C10-17 unsaturated carboxylic acids such as 9-decenoic acid, where the oligomerization yields a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acids. This also includes the oligomerization of certain alkyl esters, including the oligomerization of C10-17 unsaturated alkyl esters such as methyl 9-decenoate (9-DAME), where the oligomerization yields a mixture of mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acid esters. Various end use applications for the oligomerized carboxylic acids and oligomerized alkyl esters are also disclosed.

Abstract: Various methods are provided for treating and reacting a metathesis feedstock. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a feedstock comprising a natural oil, chemically treating the feedstock with a metal alkoxide under conditions sufficient to diminish catalyst poisons in the feedstock, and, following the treating, combining a metathesis catalyst with the feedstock under conditions sufficient to metathesize the feedstock.

Abstract: A method for treating a substrate prior to a metathesis reaction includes treating the substrate with a first agent configured to mitigate potentially adverse effects of one or more contaminants in the substrate on a catalyst used to catalyze the metathesis reaction. The treating reduces a level of the one or more contaminants by an amount sufficient to enable the metathesis reaction to proceed at a substrate-to-catalyst molar ratio of at least about 7,500 to 1. Methods for metathesizing substrates are described.

Abstract: A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex precursor includes reacting a ruthenium refinery salt with a hydrogen halide to form a ruthenium intermediate, and reacting the ruthenium intermediate with an L-type ligand to form the ruthenium carbene complex precursor. A method for preparing a ruthenium vinylcarbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium hydrido halide complex, and reacting the ruthenium hydrido halide complex with a propargyl halide to form the ruthenium vinylcarbene complex. A method for preparing a ruthenium carbene complex includes converting a ruthenium carbene complex precursor into a ruthenium carbene complex having a structure (PR1R2R3)2Cl2Ru?CH—R4, wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are alike or different, and wherein covalent bonds may optionally exist between two or more of R1, R2, and R3.