Abstract: A method of detecting peroxynitrite in a sample is described comprising the steps of: (a) providing a complex of a saccharide with an aryl boronate compound of formula (I): Fp-L1-Z-L2-Ar—B(OH)2 (I) wherein: Fp comprises a fluorophore; L1 and L2 are linker groups; Z is a fluorescence switch; and Ar is optionally substituted aryl; (b) contacting said aryl boronate-saccharide complex with said sample, whereby peroxynitrite in said sample cleaves said aryl boronate-saccharide complex to produce a compound of formula (II): F-L1-Z-L2-Ar—OH (II); and (c) detecting a decrease in a fluorescence intensity of said fluorophore resulting from said cleavage reaction in step (b). Peroxynitrite reacts quantitatively, rapidly, and selectively in step (b) of the reaction, whereby medical conditions associated with elevated peroxynitrite can be diagnosed. Also provided are compounds of formula (I) for use in the methods.

Abstract: The display has a video signal receiver and a store with a capacity to hold one picture of the video signal. Row-output devices enable the video information for respective rows of pixels to be taken out from picture store, and each has a bit extractor to separate out one bit of the information for each pixel of the respective row. The resultant signal is passed to pixel drivers which operates on a lattice formed of ferroelectric liquid crystal pixel-elements, which are time-multiplex addressed according to a predetermined sequence, each row being addressed a plurality of times for each picture. In the addressing groups of the rows are set simultaneously, each group consisting of a plurality of rows spaced apart in the addressing sequence such that the rows in a group form a series with adjacent rows having a temporal separation in the addressing sequence exhibiting a geometric progression with the common ratio N being an integer corresponding to 2 or more.