Abstract: An antenna element includes a section which is electrically non-conductive, a plurality of electrically conductive patches on the section which each face in a predetermined direction, a feed arrangement electrically coupled to the patches, and an annular strip of conductive material supported on the section and extending around the patches free of electrical contact therewith. A plurality of these antenna elements can be used to form an array, where one of the antenna elements has several other antenna elements provided at spaced locations around it. Each antenna element can include, on a side of the section opposite from the patches, an electrically-conductive portion with a cavity which faces the section.

Abstract: A fractal cross slot broad band antenna comprises a five layer configuration including a radiating fractal cross slot layer having a plurality of antennas each comprising a plurality of radiating arms. Positioned adjacent one side of the fractal cross slot layer is a first spacer layer configured to define a cavity. A microstrip coupled feed layer having feeds equal in number to the plurality of radiating arms is positioned adjacent to the first spacer layer. A second spacer layer is positioned adjacent the feed layer and is configured to also define a cavity. The fifth layer, a ground plane layer, has a copper clad surface and is positioned adjacent the second spacer layer.

Abstract: A fractal cross slot broad band antenna comprises a five layer configuration including a radiating fractal cross slot layer having a plurality of antenna elements each comprising a plurality of unit cells. Positioned adjacent one side of the fractal cross slot layer is a first spacer layer configured to define a cavity. A microstrip coupled feed layer having feeds equal in number to the plurality of antenna elements is positioned adjacent to the first spacer layer. A second spacer layer is positioned adjacent the feed layer and is configured to also define a cavity. The fifth layer, a ground plane layer, has a copper clad surface and is positioned adjacent the second spacer layer.