Abstract: An airfoil may include an airfoil body, a cover, and a stud. The cover may be disposed on at least one of a suction side and a pressure side of the airfoil body and the stud may extend through the cover and into the airfoil body and the stud may be is joined to the airfoil body and the cover by a friction weld.

Abstract: An airfoil may include an airfoil body, a cover, and a stud. The cover may be disposed on at least one of a suction side and a pressure side of the airfoil body and the stud may extend through the cover and into the airfoil body and the stud may be is joined to the airfoil body and the cover by a friction weld.

Abstract: Uber-cooled multi-alloy integrally bladed rotors (IBR) are made having blades with internal cooling passages with a cavity in the root portion attached to a disk having a protrusion on the periphery of the disk. The blades are put on the protrusion and the blade and disk are forced together, followed by locally heating the blade cavity/disk protrusion to a temperature between the blade and disk material softening temperatures, causing the protrusion to deform against the blade cavity, and holding them in place until bonding occurs. Subsequent to bonding the portion of the blade that defines the cavity is removed.

Abstract: A method of assembling a stator apparatus includes providing a first vane having an airfoil section located between a first platform section and a second platform section, positioning a first shroud ring adjacent to the first vane, welding the first platform section of the first vane to the first shroud ring relative to a first edge of the of the first platform section of the first vane, and welding the first platform section of the first vane to the first shroud ring relative to a second edge of the of the first platform section. The second edge is located opposite the first edge.

Abstract: A method of assembling a stator apparatus includes providing a first vane having an airfoil section located between a first platform section and a second platform section, positioning a first shroud ring adjacent to the first vane, welding the first platform section of the first vane to the first shroud ring relative to a first edge of the of the first platform section of the first vane, and welding the first platform section of the first vane to the first shroud ring relative to a second edge of the of the first platform section. The second edge is located opposite the first edge.

Abstract: A method is taught for the isostatic forging of integrally bladed rotors, in which deformable hollow single crystal blades are protected from deformation during diffusion bonding to the disk by encapsulation in a ceramic protective shell. The ceramic shell serves to occupy the areas between the blades and the surrounding forging die set, so that during application of high temperatures and pressures, damage to the blades is prevented without the use of complex segmented die assemblies.

Abstract: Fabrication methods are described for producing an integrally bladed rotor wherein single crystal blade portions are securely metallurgically bonded to a polycrystalline disk. The polycrystalline disk is fabricated with protruding portions in the location where the blades are to be bonded. The blades are fabricated with a root portion having a cavity adapted to mate with the disk protrusions. The blade and disk are assembled and forced. Localized heating causes localized softening metal flow in the disk protrusion. Bonding occurs as a result of this combination of softening and force.