Abstract: A method for enhancing a photoresist profile control includes applying a photoresist layer comprising a photoacid generator on an underlayer disposed on a material layer, exposing a first portion of the photoresist layer unprotected by a photomask to light radiation in a lithographic exposure process, providing a thermal energy to the photoresist layer in a post-exposure baking process, applying an electric field or a magnetic field while performing the post-exposure baking process, and drifting photoacid from the photoresist layer to a predetermined portion of the underlayer under the first portion of the photoresist layer.

Abstract: A method for enhancing a photoresist profile control includes applying a photoresist layer comprising a photoacid generator on an underlayer disposed on a material layer, exposing a first portion of the photoresist layer unprotected by a photomask to light radiation in a lithographic exposure process, providing a thermal energy to the photoresist layer in a post-exposure baking process, applying an electric field or a magnetic field while performing the post-exposure baking process, and drifting photoacid from the photoresist layer to a predetermined portion of the underlayer under the first portion of the photoresist layer.

Abstract: A multi-port valve arrangement and removable valve element for use in sanitary environments that comprises at least three ports formed by the joining of at least two valve casing bodies at angles necessary to accommodate multiple connecting fluid streams. A seamless, flexible element is used within the valve arrangement to connect the fluid streams. The valve casings may be hinged on one side to permit removal of the top portion of the valve casings and removal/exchange of the flexible element without complete disassembly of the valve casing and without the use of tools.

Abstract: A multi-port valve arrangement and removable valve element for use in sanitary environments that comprises at least three ports formed by the joining of at least two valve casing bodies at angles necessary to accommodate multiple connecting fluid streams. A seamless, flexible element is used within the valve arrangement to connect the fluid streams. The valve casings may be hinged on one side to permit removal of the top portion of the valve casings and removal/exchange of the flexible element without complete disassembly of the valve casing and without the use of tools.

Abstract: A flexible container is used in conjunction with a magnetic mixer. The flexible container is in the form of a bag, and is designed to rest on top of a magnetic mixer. The bag is comprised of a flexible, but impermeable-film material. The bag is flat with no seams on the bottom. A stir bar is encapsulated in a nonabrasive and soft material, such as silicone. The non-abrasive material around the stir bar permits the stir bar to directly touch the flexible film material, and prevents scratching or deteriorating of the film, as the stir bar rotates on the bottom of the flexible container.

Abstract: A multi-port valve arrangement and removable valve element for use in sanitary environments that comprises at least three ports formed by the joining of at least two valve casing bodies at angles necessary to accommodate multiple connecting fluid streams. A seamless, flexible element is used within the valve arrangement to connect the fluid streams. The valve casings may be hinged on one side to permit removal of the top portion of the valve casings and removal/exchange of the flexible element without complete disassembly of the valve casing and without the use of tools.

Abstract: A gasketless, straight-through bore fluid flow pinch valve and flexible, removable tubing element for improved sanitary conditions in production facilities. The valve casing is joined by fittings that enable separation of the casing to remove and replace the flexible element, which includes all wetted surfaces. The fittings may be one or more hinges to permit partial separation of the valve casing, which permits the element to remain on-line while maintenance is performed on the valve. The flexible element is a silicone or PTFE-composite which is in an axially compressed state when locked into the valve by rigid, tolerance-fitted backup cups on the molded ends of the element, which increases the process life of the element.