Abstract: The present disclosure provides CRISPR-Cas effector polypeptides that exhibit enhanced gene editing and/or trans cleavage activity, compared to a wild-type CasPhi polypeptide. The present disclosure provides systems and kits comprising such CRISPR-Cas effector polypeptides. The present disclosure provides methods, including gene editing and diagnostic methods, using a CRISPR-Cas effector polypeptide of the present disclosure.

Abstract: The invention is directed to compositions and methods for RNA-mediated gene regulation, e.g., transcription regulation, e.g., by transcriptional silencing of genes. In one aspect, the invention provides methods using siRNAs directed at a transcription regulator, e.g., a promoter or enhance sequence, of a gene target molecule. In one aspect, this results in in vivo DNA methylation and/or modification of associated chromatin (e.g., histone proteins) accompanied by and/or partial or complete transcription gene silencing in a cell, such as a mammalian cell, e.g., a human cell.

Abstract: This invention relates to the identification of a gene involved in the gibberellin signal transduction pathway. Mutations to this gene mimic the effect of gibberellin treatment and transgenic plants expressing the gene correct a spindly phenotype. Methods are disclosed for isolating and using the gene from a variety of plants.