Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally processes and systems for converting a mixture of light hydrocarbons to liquid transportation fuels by first cracking the light hydrocarbons to an intermediate comprising olefins, which is converted by contacting with a catalyst comprising at least one zeolite in two separate conversion stages with an intervening recovery of liquid product. The first stage conversion favors oligomerization of larger olefins to form diesel range products that are collected prior to directing unconverted smaller olefins to be oligomerized in a second stage conversion conducted at a higher temperature and lower pressure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally processes and systems for converting a mixture of light hydrocarbons to liquid transportation fuels by first cracking the light hydrocarbons to an intermediate comprising olefins, which is converted by contacting with a catalyst comprising at least one zeolite in two separate conversion stages with an intervening recovery of liquid product. The first stage conversion favors oligomerization of larger olefins to form diesel range products that are collected prior to directing unconverted smaller olefins to be oligomerized in a second stage conversion conducted at a higher temperature and lower pressure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to two-stage biomass pyrolysis systems configured to maximize pyrolysis vapor yield from a lignocellulosic biomass while being conducive to commercial-scale throughput of lignocellulosic biomass. The system includes a reactor first stage comprising at least one auger pyrolyzes a lignocellulosic feedstock at a temperature and residence time that produces pyrolysis vapors derived predominantly from cellulose and hemi-cellulose fractions of the feedstock. A reactor second stage is configured to partially-pyrolyzed feedstock from the reactor first stage at a higher temperature for an additional residence time to produce additional pyrolysis vapors that are predominantly derived from of lignin. Certain embodiments arrange multiple reactor first stages around a single reactor second stage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to a two-stage biomass pyrolysis processes that maximize pyrolysis vapor yield from a lignocellulosic biomass while being conducive to commercial-scale throughput of biomass. A lignocellulosic feedstock is first pyrolyzed in a reactor first stage comprising at least one auger at a temperature and residence time that produces pyrolysis vapors derived predominantly from cellulose and hemi-cellulose fractions of the feedstock. Partially-pyrolyzed feedstock from the reactor first stage is then pyrolyzed in a reactor second stage at a higher temperature for an additional residence time to produce additional pyrolysis vapors that are predominantly derived from lignin. Certain embodiments arrange multiple reactor first stages around a single reactor second stage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to two-stage biomass pyrolysis systems configured to maximize pyrolysis vapor yield from a lignocellulosic biomass while being conducive to commercial-scale throughput of lignocellulosic biomass. The system includes a reactor first stage comprising at least one auger pyrolyzes a lignocellulosic feedstock at a temperature and residence time that produces pyrolysis vapors derived predominantly from cellulose and hemi-cellulose fractions of the feedstock. A reactor second stage is configured to partially-pyrolyzed feedstock from the reactor first stage at a higher temperature for an additional residence time to produce additional pyrolysis vapors that are predominantly derived from of lignin. Certain embodiments arrange multiple reactor first stages around a single reactor second stage.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising of NiO; Al2O3; and ZnO. The catalyst is capable of greater than 5% sulfur removal from a synthesis gas at a temperature range from 300° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising of NiO; Al2O3; and ZnO. The catalyst is capable of greater than 5% sulfur removal from a synthesis gas at a temperature range from 300° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising of NiO; Al2O3; and ZnO. The catalyst is capable of greater than 5% sulfur removal from a synthesis gas at a temperature range from 300° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising NiO, a metal mixture comprising at least one of MoO3 or WO3, a mixture comprising at least one of SiO2 and Al2O3, and P2O5. In this embodiment the metal sites on the catalyst are sulfided and the catalyst is capable of removing tar from a synthesis gas while performing methanation and water gas shift reactions at a temperature range from 300° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising NiO, a metal mixture comprising at least one of MoO3 or WO3, a mixture comprising at least one of SiO2 and Al2O3, and P2O5. In this embodiment the metal sites on the catalyst are sulfided and the catalyst is capable of removing tar from a synthesis gas while performing methanation and water gas shift reactions at a temperature range from 300° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising NiO, a metal mixture comprising at least one of MoO3 or WO3, a mixture comprising at least one of SiO2 and Al2O3, and P2O5. In this embodiment the metal sites on the catalyst are sulfided and the catalyst is capable of removing tar from a synthesis gas while performing methanation and water gas shift reactions at a temperature range from 300° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising of NiO; Al2O3; and ZnO. The catalyst is capable of greater than 5% sulfur removal from a synthesis gas at a temperature range from 300° C. to 600° C.

Abstract: A compact sulfur recovery system is disclosed which includes an upflow orientation for the gases through a primary structure including a catalytic partial oxidation reaction zone, a first temperature-control zone, a first Claus catalytic reaction zone, a second temperature-control zone, a first liquid sulfur outlet, and a first effluent gas outlet. The upward flow of the gases puts the hottest gases in contact with the tubes and tube sheet in the waste heat boiler where there is greater confidence in having liquid water in most continuous therewith.

Abstract: Claus sulfur recovery plants that include one or more single-stage or multi-stage compact tubular Claus catalytic reactor-heat exchanger units are disclosed. In some instances, these new or improved Claus plants additionally include one or more compact heat exchanger containing cooling tubes that are filled with a heat transfer enhancement medium. The new compact tubular Claus catalytic reactor-heat exchanger units and HTEM-containing heat exchangers are also disclosed. A process for recovering sulfur from a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas stream, employing the new tubular Claus catalytic reactor-heat exchanger unit, and in some instances a HTEM-containing heat exchanger, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Claus sulfur recovery plants that include one or more single-stage or multi-stage compact tubular Claus catalytic reactor-heat exchanger units are disclosed. In some instances, these new or improved Claus plants additionally include one or more compact heat exchanger containing cooling tubes that are filled with a heat transfer enhancement medium. The new compact tubular Claus catalytic reactor-heat exchanger units and HTEM-containing heat exchangers are also disclosed. A process for recovering sulfur from a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas stream, employing the new tubular Claus catalytic reactor-heat exchanger unit, and in some instances a HTEM-containing heat exchanger, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A compact sulfur recovery system is disclosed which comprises a primary structure including a catalytic partial oxidation reaction zone, a first temperature-control zone, a first Claus catalytic reaction zone, a second temperature-control zone, a first liquid sulfur outlet, and a first effluent gas outlet. In some embodiments, a secondary structure follows the primary structure and comprises a second Claus catalytic reaction zone, a third temperature-control zone, a second liquid sulfur outlet, and a second effluent gas outlet. One or more components of the system employ heat transfer enhancement material in the temperature-control zones, and one or more components deter accumulation of liquid sulfur in the Claus catalytic reaction zones.