Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for separating an amount of a perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) from water which is contaminated with the substance. The method comprises the steps of: admitting an amount of the water, which includes an initial concentration of the substance, into a chamber via an inlet thereinto, and introducing a flow of gas into the chamber. The introduced gas induces the water in the chamber to flow, and produces a froth layer which is formed at, and which rises above, an interface with the said flow of water and of introduced gas in the chamber. The froth layer includes an amount of water, and also a concentrated amount of the substance in comparison compared with its initial concentration. The step of removal of at least some of the froth layer from an upper portion of the chamber occurs.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for separating an amount of a substance from groundwater, comprising an elongate chamber (18) having an inlet (22) which is arranged in use to admit groundwater into the chamber near a lower first end (24). There is also a gas sparger (26) located near the first end (24) which admits gas into the chamber for inducing groundwater to flow from the first end (24) of the chamber toward a second end upper end, and for producing a froth layer (32) which rises above an interface with the groundwater including a concentrated amount of the substance. A suction hood (38) can be moved downward from the top of the chamber (18) into a position to collapse the froth layer (32) and to cause it to be removed from the well body (14). The suction hood (38) (acting as a froth depth regulation device) controls the amount of groundwater in the froth layer (32), which influences the concentration of the contaminant substance achieved in the froth layer (32).

Abstract: A method of depositing a coating utilizing a coating apparatus includes providing a coating apparatus above a glass substrate and forming a coating on a surface of the glass substrate while flowing a fluorine-containing compound into the coating apparatus. The fluorine-containing compound inhibits the formation of the coating on one or more portions of the coating apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for separating an amount of a substance from groundwater, comprising an elongate chamber (18) having an inlet (22) which is arranged in use to admit groundwater into the chamber near a lower first end (24). There is also a gas sparger (26) located near the first end (24) which admits gas into the chamber for inducing groundwater to flow from the first end (24) of the chamber toward a second end upper end, and for producing a froth layer (32) which rises above an interface with the groundwater including a concentrated amount of the substance. A suction hood (38) can be moved downward from the top of the chamber (18) into a position to collapse the froth layer (32) and to cause it to be removed from the well body (14). The suction hood (38) (acting as a froth depth regulation device) controls the amount of groundwater in the froth layer (32), which influences the concentration of the contaminant substance achieved in the froth layer (32).

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for separating an amount of a perfluoroalkyl or polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) from water which is contaminated with the substance. The method comprises the steps of: admitting an amount of the water, which includes an initial concentration of the substance, into a chamber via an inlet thereinto, and introducing a flow of gas into the chamber. The introduced gas induces the water in the chamber to flow, and produces a froth layer which is formed at, and which rises above, an interface with the said flow of water and of introduced gas in the chamber. The froth layer includes an amount of water, and also a concentrated amount of the substance in comparison compared with its initial concentration. The step of removal of at least some of the froth layer from an upper portion of the chamber occurs.

Abstract: A CVD process for depositing a silica coating is provided. The process includes providing a float glass ribbon in a float glass manufacturing process. The process also includes forming a gaseous mixture including a silane compound, oxygen, a fluorine-containing compound, and a radical scavenger. The gaseous mixture is directed toward and along the float glass ribbon and is reacted over the float glass ribbon to form the silica coating thereon. The silica coating comprises silicon dioxide.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for separating an amount of a substance from groundwater, comprising an elongate chamber (18) having an inlet (22) which is arranged in use to admit groundwater into the chamber near a lower first end (24). There is also a gas sparger (26) located near the first end (24) which admits gas into the chamber for inducing groundwater to flow from the first end (24) of the chamber toward a second end upper end, and for producing a froth layer (32) which rises above an interface with the groundwater including a concentrated amount of the substance. A suction hood (38) can be moved downward from the top of the chamber (18) into a position to collapse the froth layer (32) and to cause it to be removed from the well body (14). The suction hood (38) (acting as a froth depth regulation device) controls the amount of groundwater in the froth layer (32), which influences the concentration of the contaminant substance achieved in the froth layer (32).

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for separating an amount of a substance from groundwater, comprising an elongate chamber (18) having an inlet (22) which is arranged in use to admit groundwater into the chamber near a lower first end (24). There is also a gas sparger (26) located near the first end (24) which admits gas into the chamber for inducing groundwater to flow from the first end (24) of the chamber toward a second end upper end, and for producing a froth layer (32) which rises above an interface with the groundwater including a concentrated amount of the substance. A suction hood (38) can be moved downward from the top of the chamber (18) into a position to collapse the froth layer (32) and to cause it to be removed from the well body (14). The suction hood (38) (acting as a froth depth regulation device) controls the amount of groundwater in the froth layer (32), which influences the concentration of the contaminant substance achieved in the froth layer (32).

Abstract: A CVD process for depositing a silica coating is provided. The process includes providing a float glass ribbon in a float glass manufacturing process. The process also includes forming a gaseous mixture including a silane compound, oxygen, a fluorine-containing compound, and a radical scavenger. The gaseous mixture is directed toward and along the float glass ribbon and is reacted over the float glass ribbon to form the silica coating thereon. The silica coating comprises silicon dioxide.

Abstract: A CVD process for depositing a silica coating is provided. The process includes providing a glass substrate. The process also includes forming a gaseous mixture including a silane compound, oxygen, a fluorine-containing compound, and a radical scavenger such as ethylene or propylene. The gaseous mixture is directed toward and along the glass substrate and is reacted over the glass substrate to form the silica coating thereon.

Abstract: A CVD process for depositing a silica coating is provided. The process includes providing a glass substrate. The process also includes forming a gaseous mixture including a silane compound, oxygen, a fluorine-containing compound, and a radical scavenger such as ethylene or propylene. The gaseous mixture is directed toward and along the glass substrate and is reacted over the glass substrate to form the silica coating thereon.