Abstract: A head unit device for controlling motion of an object includes a chamber filled with a shear thickening fluid (STF) and a piston. The piston is housed within the chamber and exerts pressure against the STF from a force applied to the piston from the object. The STF is configured to have a decreasing viscosity in response to a first range of shear rates and an increasing viscosity in response to a second range of shear rates. The piston includes at least one piston bypass between opposite sides of the piston that controls flow of the STF between the opposite sides of the piston to selectively react with a shear threshold effect of the first range of shear rates or the second range of shear rates.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for automatically closing a file or a device. A service routine monitor monitors a request received from either an application that opened the file or a device driver that readied the device. The service routine monitor determines whether the file or the device has been accessed within a predetermined time interval. Responsive to the file or the device failing to be accessed within the predetermined time interval, the service routine monitor sends a call to the application that opened the file or the application or a higher level device driver that requested that the device driver ready the device. Responsive to a response from the application or the higher level device driver indicating that the use of the file or the device is no longer needed, the service routine monitor closes the file or quiesces the device.

Abstract: A mechanism is provided for automatically closing a file or a device. A service routine monitor monitors a request received from either an application that opened the file or a device driver that readied the device. The service routine monitor determines whether the file or the device has been accessed within a predetermined time interval. Responsive to the file or the device failing to be accessed within the predetermined time interval, the service routine monitor sends a call to the application that opened the file or the application or a higher level device driver that requested that the device driver ready the device. Responsive to a response from the application or the higher level device driver indicating that the use of the file or the device is no longer needed, the service routine monitor closes the file or quiesces the device.

Abstract: A bus interface for transfer of SONET/SDH data that supports a plurality of SONET/SDH flows. The invention supports two line coding schemes: 8B/10B encoding of STS-12, and SONET scrambled coding for STS-12, STS-48, and STS-51. The invention additionally supports two modes of line testing: entire links can be tested by inserting and checking PRBS sequences, and the SPE payload of the largest concatenated STS-Nc which the link can carry (STS-12c, STS-48c, STS-51c) can be individually tested by inserting and checking PRBS sequences.

Abstract: This invention provides a bus interface to connect SONET/SDH termination devices with payload processing devices while utilizing a minimum number of signals. The bus interface of this invention can scale with future advances in bandwidth in serial link technology.

Abstract: A bus interface for transfer of SONET/SDH data that supports a plurality of SONET/SDH flows. The invention supports two line coding schemes: 8B/10B encoding of STS-12, and SONET scrambled coding for STS-12, STS-48, and STS-51. The invention additionally supports two modes of line testing: entire links can be tested by inserting and checking PRBS sequences, and the SPE payload of the largest concatenated STS-Nc which the link can carry (STS-12c, STS-48c, STS-51c) can be individually tested by inserting and checking PRBS sequences.

Abstract: This invention provides a bus interface to connect SONET/SDH termination devices with payload processing devices while utilizing a minimum number of signals. The bus interface of this invention can scale with future advances in bandwidth in serial link technology.

Abstract: A method of interfacing between a non-continuous stream of cells of data and a continuous stream of frames of data, which includes transforming an incoming non-continuous cell stream into a continuous transmitted stream by inserting idle or non-assigned cells into the data stream during idle periods. The cells in the continuous stream are then mapped sequentially and contiguously onto the payload portions of frames. The frames are then transmitted synchronously.

Abstract: A method of detecting a pulse density violation in the T1 transmission of digital signals, which includes counting bits in sets of "k" successively in n serial stages generating an empty-out signal on detection of an "empty" set of "k" bits, and generating a pulse density violation on detecting a second set of "k" zero bits in the "n" stages of bits at a time when the empty-out signal is present.