Abstract: A nutritional composition comprises fat, protein and carbohydrate such that the fat provides from about 60 to about 90% of the total calories of the composition, the protein provides from about 10 to about 30% of the total calories of the composition, and the carbohydrate provides from about 0.1 to about 15% of the total calories of the composition, and the composition comprises from about 0.01 to about 10 wt % beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). A method of achieving or sustaining metabolic ketosis in an individual comprises administering the nutritional composition to the individual. A method of maintaining lean body mass and muscle strength in an individual during dietary ketosis comprises administering the nutritional composition to the individual.

Abstract: A nutritional composition comprises fat, protein and carbohydrate such that the fat provides from about 60 to about 90% of the total calories of the composition, the protein provides from about 10 to about 30% of the total calories of the composition, and the carbohydrate provides from about 0.1 to about 15% of the total calories of the composition, and the composition comprises from about 0.01 to about 10 wt % beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). A method of achieving or sustaining metabolic ketosis in an individual comprises administering the nutritional composition to the individual. A method of maintaining lean body mass and muscle strength in an individual during dietary ketosis comprises administering the nutritional composition to the individual.

Abstract: Nutritional compositions provide a sustained protein profile to an individual while having an enhanced sensory performance. The nutritional compositions can be in the form of a nutritional powder including a protein system having a fast digesting protein source, an intermediate digesting protein source, and a slow digesting protein source.

Abstract: Nutritional compositions containing beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) are administered to an individual to reduce muscle soreness after exercise. The compositions contain a source of HMB; a protein source with at least about 21% branched-chain amino acids, by weight of total protein in the protein source; and a carbohydrate blend which contains a combination of rapid release and sustained release carbohydrates.

Abstract: Powdered and liquid hydrating compositions and methods for hydrating an adult subject are provided. The compositions may include a combination of carbohydrates, sodium, potassium, chloride, citric acid, and malic acid. The powdered compositions include an anti-caking agent.