Abstract: Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) antidote compositions may be used to as a cyanide poisoning antidote.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and compositions for the rapid detection of small ligands, such as cyanide, carbon monoxide or azide, in small quantities. Specifically, metmyoglobin is used to bind small ligands which yield a product with a characteristic absorbance spectrum that is detectable and quantifiable. Also disclosed is a kit for detecting small ligands with metmyoglobin, which is portable and provides for practice of the invention without the use of harsh solvents or chemical reagents.

Abstract: A method of treating an organophosphate toxin-caused cardiac abnormality is described which includes administering a pharmaceutical composition including a therapeutically effective amount of a chloride current modulator to an individual subject having a cardiac abnormality caused by intoxication with an organophosphate toxin. The chloride current modulator is effective to modulate a chloride conductance and thereby reduce a symptom or sign of an organophosphate toxin-caused cardiac abnormality, thus treating the toxin-caused cardiac abnormality. Optionally, included is administering a therapeutic agent to inhibit an organophosphate toxin-caused distortion of the action potential of myocytes, support restoration of usual intracellular ionic concentrations, and support an increase in cardiac contractility.

Abstract: A method of treating a poison-caused pathology in an individual subject is described which includes administering a pharmaceutical composition including a therapeutically effective amount of a chloride current modulator, a therapeutically effective amount of an exogenous oxygen carrier, or a combination of a therapeutically effective amount of a chloride current modulator and a therapeutically effective amount of an exogenous oxygen carrier, to an individual subject exposed to a poison. Optionally, an inventive method further includes administering a therapeutic agent to inhibit poison-caused pathology. A composition according to the invention is described which includes a therapeutically effective amount of a chloride current modulator, a therapeutically effective amount of an exogenous oxygen carrier, or a combination of a therapeutically effective amount of a chloride current modulator and a therapeutically effective amount of an exogenous oxygen carrier.

Abstract: A composition and methods of use for the decontamination of chemical agents, including chemical warfare agents. The decontamination composition is nontoxic, nonflammable and non-corrosive and includes an effective amount of a perfluorinated alkyl bromide or reactive perfluorinated alkyl bromide. The decontamination composition may include an oxidizer and a solvent.

Abstract: A composition and methods of use for the decontamination of chemical agents, including chemical warfare agents. The decontamination composition is nontoxic, nonflammable and non-corrosive and includes an effective amount of a perfluorinated alkyl bromide or reactive perfluorinated alkyl bromide. The decontamination composition may include an oxidizer and a solvent.

Abstract: A unit dosage, packaged for direct administration into a body cavity, is encapsulated in a packet between a pair of leaves of foil. The leaves are sealed to each other about their peripheries. The packet is packaged with a tubular injector having a longitudinal bore extending from the head end of the injector to the tail end. The packet is positioned in the bore adjacent the head end by a annular support member having a central opening in registry with the bore. A plunger is mounted in the bore and has a head adapted to slide in the bore and a tail projecting out of the tail end of the tubular injector, and the tail end of the plunger is used to displace the head of the plunger through the packet, through the opening in the annular support, and beyond the head end of the tubular injector. The head of the plunger is provided with a beveled surface along one side.