Abstract: Disclosed is a metal fill region of a semiconductor chip including a plurality of layer sets of the semiconductor chip, each set including a first metal fill layer, a second metal fill layer, and an insulation layer included disposed in planes parallel to each other, a plurality of metal fill pieces disposed in each of the metal fill layers, a metal fill piece axis of each of the pieces, wherein each of the axes perpendicularly intersects the planes of said metal fill layers and the insulation layer from any point of reference, and a metal fill pattern configured to position the pieces so that the axis of each piece in the first metal fill layer is linearly displaced of the axis of each piece in the second metal fill layer in at least one direction orthogonal to each of the metal fill axes.

Abstract: A current mirror circuit includes a reference current source that generates a reference current, a reference transistor, a mirror transistor and a ratioed body bias feedback unit. The reference transistor has a first node that is coupled to the output of the reference current source, a gate that is coupled to the first node and a second node coupled to a common voltage. The mirror transistor has a gate coupled to the first node. The ratioed body bias feedback unit generates a body bias voltage coupled to the body of the reference transistor and the body of the mirror transistor. The ratioed body bias feedback unit is configured to adjust the body bias voltage in relationship to the common voltage so that the reference transistor and the mirror transistor each have a threshold voltage within a predefined range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pulse shaping circuit for shaping electrical pulses driving an optical transmitter, e.g. a lased diode or an LED, and for providing electrical pulses having independently height and width-adjustable peaking at the edges thereof. The pulse shaping circuit of the present invention includes a high-pass RC filter with a differential output for providing transient electrical pulses from an input differential pulse, an adjustable voltage offset generating circuit, a differential amplifier for adjusting the width of the transient electrical pulses in dependence on the adjustable voltage offset, and a variable-gain current-steering amplifier for producing transient pulses with independently adjustable width and height.

Abstract: A phase locked loop generates an output corresponding to a source synchronous input and an input link clock signal. A phase locking feedback system receives the input and an input link clock signal and detects phase deviations between the output and the input. The phase locking feedback system also adjusts an adjusted clock signal based on the phase deviations thereby causing the phase locking feedback system to generate the output so that the output has a steady phase relationship with the input. A first mechanism causes the phase locking feedback system not to track phase deviations between the output and the input upon occurrence of a first predefined event, thereby maintaining the adjusted clock signal at a current state.

Abstract: A current mirror circuit includes a reference current source that generates a reference current, a reference transistor, a mirror transistor and a ratioed body bias feedback unit. The reference transistor has a first node that is coupled to the output of the reference current source, a gate that is coupled to the first node and a second node coupled to a common voltage. The mirror transistor has a gate coupled to the first node. The ratioed body bias feedback unit generates a body bias voltage coupled to the body of the reference transistor and the body of the mirror transistor. The ratioed body bias feedback unit is configured to adjust the body bias voltage in relationship to the common voltage so that the reference transistor and the mirror transistor each have a threshold voltage within a predefined range.

Abstract: A design structure embodied in a machine readable medium used in a design process includes a metal fill region of a semiconductor chip including a plurality of layer sets of the semiconductor chip, each set including a first metal fill layer, a second metal fill layer, and an insulation layer included disposed in planes parallel to each other, a plurality of metal fill pieces disposed in each of the metal fill layers, a metal fill piece axis of each of the pieces, wherein each of the axes perpendicularly intersects the planes of said metal fill layers and the insulation layer from any point of reference, and a metal fill pattern configured to position the pieces so that the axis of each piece in the first metal fill layer is linearly displaced of the axis of each piece in the second metal fill layer in at least one direction orthogonal to each of the metal fill axes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a metal fill region of a semiconductor chip including a plurality of layer sets of the semiconductor chip, each set including a first metal fill layer, a second metal fill layer, and an insulation layer included disposed in planes parallel to each other, a plurality of metal fill pieces disposed in each of the metal fill layers, a metal fill piece axis of each of the pieces, wherein each of the axes perpendicularly intersects the planes of said metal fill layers and the insulation layer from any point of reference, and a metal fill pattern configured to position the pieces so that the axis of each piece in the first metal fill layer is linearly displaced of the axis of each piece in the second metal fill layer in at least one direction orthogonal to each of the metal fill axes.

Abstract: A design structure embodied in a machine readable medium used in a design process includes a current mirror circuit that includes a reference current source that generates a reference current, a reference transistor, a mirror transistor and a ratioed body bias feedback unit. The reference transistor has a first node that is coupled to the output of the reference current source, a gate that is coupled to the first node and a second node coupled to a common voltage. The mirror transistor has a gate coupled to the first node. The ratioed body bias feedback unit generates a body bias voltage coupled to the body of the reference transistor and the body of the mirror transistor. The ratioed body bias feedback unit is configured to adjust the body bias voltage in relationship to the common voltage so that the reference transistor and the mirror transistor each have a threshold voltage within a predefined range.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to centering a clock edge at or near the center of a data eye. Data may be sent from a first device to a second device in conjunction with a clock signal. A phase rotator operating in an external clock domain governed by the clock signal received at the second device may rotate the phase of the received clock signal to sample data. The data sampled in the unstable external clock domain may be transferred to a stable local clock domain for analysis. Feedback may be provided from the stable clock domain to the phase rotator to adjust the phase of the received clock signal to position an edge of the clock signal at or near the center of the data eye.

Abstract: A current mirror circuit includes a reference current source that generates a reference current, a reference transistor, a mirror transistor and a ratioed body bias feedback unit. The reference transistor has a first node that is coupled to the output of the reference current source, a gate that is coupled to the first node and a second node coupled to a common voltage. The mirror transistor has a gate coupled to the first node. The ratioed body bias feedback unit generates a body bias voltage coupled to the body of the reference transistor and the body of the mirror transistor. The ratioed body bias feedback unit is configured to adjust the body bias voltage in relationship to the common voltage so that the reference transistor and the mirror transistor each have a threshold voltage within a predefined range.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical power monitoring device for a photodiode assembly, which converts the DC component of a photodiode's bias current into a common mode voltage indicative of the average optical power of the incident light. The photodiode assembly, which is mountable in a conventional four-lead TO can package, includes a photodiode, a pre-amplifier, and a common mode voltage controller. The common mode voltage is added to the differential voltage, and the combined signal is output via the two data signal leads of the TO can package.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical power monitoring device for a photodiode assembly, which converts the DC component of a photodiode's bias current into a common mode voltage indicative of the average optical power of the incident light. The photodiode assembly, which is mountable in a conventional four-lead TO can package, includes a photodiode, a pre-amplifier, and a common mode voltage controller. The common mode voltage is added to the differential voltage, and the combined signal is output via the two data signal leads of the TO can package.

Abstract: A charge pump that receives complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) input signals, has high noise immunity, low static error and works at low power supply voltages. The charge pump includes a current switch for receiving a control signal from a control circuit and for generating a charge signal, a loop filter having a first and second node, and a common-mode loop for sensing the charge signal from the current switch and for providing a voltage level adjustment signal to the first node of the loop filter in response thereto. The common-mode loop includes a sensing circuit for sensing the voltage level at the first and second node, an averaging circuit for producing an averaged voltage signal, a comparing circuit for comparing the averaged voltage signal to a reference signal to produce a feedback control output signal, and a feedback current source for adjusting the voltage level at the first node of the loop in response to the feedback control output signal.