Abstract: Frozen un-proofed dough pieces are produced by cutting a dough sheet into strips and producing a score through an upper skin of each strip with at least one blunt deformation tool prior to freezing. The un-proofed dough pieces are formed by mass production, with an un-proofed dough sheet being cut to form dough strips which are then cut into the un-proofed dough pieces, with the score for each un-proofed dough piece being formed by pressing the upper skin of the dough down into the body of the dough, thereby deforming and pre-stressing the dough to create weak zones, either before, during or after the individual un-proofed dough pieces are actually created, but before freezing. Upon heating, openings are established in the upper skin along score lines.

Abstract: A bread product is produced by forming a dough piece, creating at least one score in the dough piece, applying an adhesive to the dough piece with the adhesive extending across the score, freezing the dough piece to produce a frozen dough piece, and baking the dough piece, causing the adhesive to melt while establishing a bread product having, in a central region of the bread product, what was once a score held together by the adhesive during the early stages of baking, an internal exposed region. The outlined production steps can be re-arranged, so long as the scoring and adhesive application is performed prior to thawing of the dough piece.

Abstract: A frozen topologically modified dough product is produced by creating topological features in a dough piece having a main body portion including an upper surface and a lower surface, wherein the topological features is at least one of undulations in the upper surface created through formation of a series of crest and trough regions and a series of tunnels created in the main body portion of the dough piece, and then freezing the dough piece to produce a frozen dough piece. When cooked, particularly through a convection baking operation, the topological features increase the surface area for convection heat transfer during the baking operation, resulting in a significantly reduced overall bake time.

Abstract: A frozen, ready-to-bake dough product has an expanded dough core and an un-proofed dough veneer. The dough core is proofed before being enveloped by the outer dough veneer to form a dual density dough product having an inner, lower density body portion and an outer, higher density body portion, with the outer body portion constituting more than half of the overall body mass. The dual density dough product is frozen into a ready-to-bake dough product. Upon baking directly from the frozen state, a surface area of the dough product expands less than 60% while a volume of the dough product basically doubles due to expansion of the dough veneer, with the dough veneer establishing a crust for a light and airy inner bread body.

Abstract: A dry food mix described includes a powder mix and particulates. A powder mix contains at least 70% by weight sugars, and includes 40-70% by weight crystalline sucrose, 25-50% by weight crystalline glucose, and a releasing agent. A method described includes making a food by heating, then cooling, a dry food mix to produce the food.

Abstract: Baking ingredients that can be used as a fat replacement in dough compositions and baked goods are described. Baking ingredients include a thermo-reversible hydrocolloid and can be included in a dough composition or layered with a laminated dough. The baking ingredients lead to improved flavor, improved appearance, improved texture, and improved lubricity in reduced fat bakery products. Methods of making and using baking ingredients are also described.

Abstract: Scored dough pieces are produced by forming a dough piece, freezing the dough piece to produce a frozen dough piece and scoring the frozen dough piece to produce a scored dough piece having at least one score. The frozen dough piece can be scored with a saw blade, water knife or laser. In addition, a coating or treatment can be applied to the at least one score of the scored dough piece.

Abstract: A dough- or batter-based food product is prepared by mixing dough or batter ingredients to establish a dough or batter composition, the dough ingredients including at least flour, water and salt. The salt particles have dissolution rate of at least 120 seconds. Batter or dough provided herein, and cooked foods made from the batter or dough, include pockets of salt at a higher concentration than the dough, batter, or cooked food overall. Batter- or dough-based food products provided have a saltiness perception level substantially the same as compared to batter- or dough-based food products that include table salt in an amount at least 40% greater than the provided batter- or dough-based food product.

Abstract: A pressurized dough system includes a package defining an interior volume and a refrigerated developed dough product within the interior volume. The refrigerated developed dough product includes flour, water and pectin in an amount sufficient to substantially increase the internal pressure of the pressurized package as well as the bake specific volume of the dough.

Abstract: A dough- or batter-based food product is prepared by mixing dough or batter ingredients to establish a dough or batter composition, the dough ingredients including at least flour, water and salt. The salt particles have dissolution rate of at least 120 seconds. Batter or dough provided herein, and cooked foods made from the batter or dough, include pockets of salt at a higher concentration than the dough, batter, or cooked food overall. Batter- or dough-based food products provided have a saltiness perception level substantially the same as compared to batter- or dough-based food products that include table salt in an amount at least 40% greater than the provided batter- or dough-based food product.

Abstract: Whole grain baked products and mixes having milled whole grain durum wheat are provided. Whole grain durum baked products and mixes utilize milled whole grain durum flour having a generally white-like color wherein durum particulate matter is visually indistinguishable from durum fines by the unassisted eye. Through the use of milled whole grain durum flour, white-like whole grain durum products including white-like whole grain durum breads can be prepared that satisfy generally accepted color and baking performance characteristics for traditional white breads.

Abstract: A recombined whole grain flour for use in preparing whole grain products such that whole grain particulates provide minimal visual impact to the whole grain product. By selectively controlling the particle size of the milled bran and germ constituents used in the recombined whole grain flour, the visual and color impact associated with bran and germ particulates can be substantially eliminated from the whole grain product. In particular, whole grain products such as whole grain breads, dough products, mixes and biscuits can be made with recombined whole grain flour. Whole grain products made with recombined whole grain flour are advantageous in that they incorporate the health advantages associated with whole grains while eliminating the characteristic, visual color differences noticeable within a whole grain crumb due to visually identifiable bran and germ particulates found in traditional whole grain products.

Abstract: A recombined whole grain flour for use in preparing whole grain products such that whole grain particulates provide minimal visual impact to the whole grain product. By selectively controlling the particle size of the milled bran and germ constituents used in the recombined whole grain flour, the visual and color impact associated with bran and germ particulates can be substantially eliminated from the whole grain product. In particular, whole grain products such as whole grain breads, dough products, mixes and biscuits can be made with recombined whole grain flour. Whole grain products made with recombined whole grain flour are advantageous in that they incorporate the health advantages associated with whole grains while eliminating the characteristic, visual color differences noticeable within a whole grain crumb due to visually identifiable bran and germ particulates found in traditional whole grain products.

Abstract: Whole grain baked products and mixes having milled whole grain durum wheat are provided. Whole grain durum baked products and mixes utilize milled whole grain durum flour having a generally white-like color wherein durum particulate matter is visually indistinguishable from durum fines by the unassisted eye. Through the use of milled whole grain durum flour, white-like whole grain durum products including white-like whole grain durum breads can be prepared that satisfy generally accepted color and baking performance characteristics for traditional white breads.

Abstract: Whole grain baked products and mixes having milled whole grain durum wheat are provided. Whole grain durum baked products and mixes utilize milled whole grain durum flour having a generally white-like color wherein durum particulate matter is visually indistinguishable from durum fines by the unassisted eye. Through the use of milled whole grain durum flour, white-like whole grain durum products including white-like whole grain durum breads can be prepared that satisfy generally accepted color and baking performance characteristics for traditional white breads.

Abstract: A recombined whole grain flour for use in preparing whole grain products such that whole grain particulates provide minimal visual impact to the whole grain product. By selectively controlling the particle size of the milled bran and germ constituents used in the recombined whole grain flour, the visual and color impact associated with bran and germ particulates can be substantially eliminated from the whole grain product. In particular, whole grain products such as whole grain breads, dough products, mixes and biscuits can be made with recombined whole grain flour. Whole grain products made with recombined whole grain flour are advantageous in that they incorporate the health advantages associated with whole grains while eliminating the characteristic, visual color differences noticeable within a whole grain crumb due to visually identifiable bran and germ particulates found in traditional whole grain products.

Abstract: A recombined whole grain flour for use in preparing whole grain products such that whole grain particulates provide minimal visual impact to the whole grain product. By selectively controlling the particle size of the milled bran and germ constituents used in the recombined whole grain flour, the visual and color impact associated with bran and germ particulates can be substantially eliminated from the whole grain product. In particular, whole grain products such as whole grain breads, dough products, mixes and biscuits can be made with recombined whole grain flour. Whole grain products made with recombined whole grain flour are advantageous in that they incorporate the health advantages associated with whole grains while eliminating the characteristic, visual color differences noticeable within a whole grain crumb due to visually identifiable bran and germ particulates found in traditional whole grain products.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for hybridization providing a chamber for hybridization and SPR detection. The hybridization chamber can have an inlet port and an outlet port. The chamber is adapted for SPR detection by a grating or by prism.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for hybridization providing a hybridization chamber. The hybridization chamber has a hybridization frame and detection frame. The hybridization chamber can be contained in housing that is releasably mated to enclose the hybridization chamber.

Abstract: A personal coffee brewing device for brewing individual servings of coffee, the device including an open frame for holding a porous coffee-containing pouch. The frame is sized to fit within a standard coffee cup so that the frame can be stirred within the coffee cup to force hot water through a pouch held in the frame to brew a cup of coffee. The device also includes a handle extending from the frame, the handle having at least one chamber for containing condiments such as sweetener or artificial creamer. A closure at the end of the handle closes the chamber. The handle is preferably formed in two sections, with a removable condiment dispenser at the end of the handle, containing two chambers.