Abstract: A vaporizer device includes a cartridge having a reservoir that holds a vaporizable material and an atomizer chamber that includes a heating element. The heating element can heat the vaporizable material. The heating element can include two rigid portions that are spaced apart by a span that defines a capillary gap. The capillary gap can draw the vaporizable material from the reservoir to a heater region to be vaporized.

Abstract: On-demand, hand-held vaporizer that operates primarily by convection. The vaporizer is configured to permit very rapid (e.g., within a few seconds) heating of air drawn through an oven chamber to a predetermined or selectable vaporizing temperature to vaporize a material (e.g., loose leaf plant material, etc.) that is held in the oven chamber. The vaporizer provides efficient transfer of air being heated as well as rapid delivery of vaporizable material to a user.

Abstract: A vaporizer device includes a cartridge having a reservoir that holds a vaporizable material and an atomizer chamber that includes a heating element. The heating element can heat the vaporizable material. The heating element can include two rigid portions that are spaced apart by a span that defines a capillary gap. The capillary gap can draw the vaporizable material from the reservoir to a heater region to be vaporized.

Abstract: Intra-year benefit plan financial valuation for a client's post-retirement benefit plan comprises collecting intra-year capital market data during a time period between a first actuarial valuation and a second actuarial valuation, converting the intra-year capital market data to intra-year client-specific data based on client assumptions, and calculating an updated financial valuation for the benefit plan based on the intra-year client-specific data, benefit plan data, and the client assumptions. The updated financial valuation can comprise an updated forecast financial valuation based on the intra-year client-specific data and future client assumptions. The updated financial valuation can be calibrated based on actual client-specific data reflecting experience between the time of the first actuarial valuation and the updated financial valuation. The intra-year client-specific data can provide a basis for a hypothetical forecast analysis based on hypothetical data provided by the client.

Abstract: Compounds are provided for use in the preparation of reagents which can be used in immunoassays for benzdiazepines, particularly as their urinary metabolites. The compounds are non-oxo-carbonyl derivatives conjugated to the 3-position of the benzdiazepine, which in turn are conjugated to antigenic polypeptides for formation of antibodies for use in immunoassays. The antibodies produced, when employed in immunoassays, are found to be able to detect the ingestion of a wide variety of benzdiazepine drugs as determined by positive results with the urine of the patient.

Abstract: Compounds are provided for use in the preparation of reagents which can be used in immunoassays for benzdiazepines, particularly as their urinary metabolites. The compounds are non-oxo-carbonyl derivatives conjugated to the 3-position of the benzdiazepine, which in turn are conjugated to antigenic polypeptides for formation of antibodies for use in immunoassays. The antibodies produced, when employed in immunoassays, are found to be able to detect the ingestion of a wide variety of benzdiazepine drugs as determined by positive results with the urine of the patient.