Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for device or bio-organism authenticity verification are provided. A method can include identifying (i) respective challenges indicating respective stimuli and (ii) a root node hash value, generating the respective stimuli, recording respective responses to the respective electrical stimuli, hashing the respective responses resulting in respective hashed responses, hashing a combination of hashed responses of the respective hashed responses resulting in a key, and comparing the key to the root node hash value.

Abstract: Chemical structures have been identified which allosterically modify pyrvate kinase and inhibit enzymatic activity. These compounds can be used as pharmaceuticals in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases and disorders where influencing metabolic processes is beneficial, such as the glycolytic pathway, all pathways which use ATP as an energy source, and all pathways which involve 2,3-diphosphoglycerate related to the delivery of oxygen by modifying hemoglobin's oxygen affinity, treatments of tumor and cancer and Alzheimer's disease (AD).