Abstract: Disclosed are a structure with a substrate-embedded waveguide and a method of forming the structure. The waveguide includes cladding material lining a trench in a substrate, a core in the trench on the cladding material, and at least one cavity within the core. Each cavity extends from one end of the core toward the opposite end and contains a low refractive index material or is under vacuum so the waveguide is an arrow waveguide. An insulator layer is on the substrate and extends laterally over the waveguide and a semiconductor layer is on the insulator layer. Additionally, depending upon the embodiment, an additional waveguide can be aligned above the substrate-embedded waveguide either on the isolation region or on a waveguide extender that extends at least partially through the isolation region and the insulator layer to the waveguide.

Abstract: A flexible articular conditioning system includes a plurality of elongated, solid, non-shifting weight members. The weight members may be removable for cleaning, and may be replaced by progressively heavier weight sets. Weight is not merely added to the wearer. The weights are advantageously evenly distributed across the body and located above and below the respective joint cavities. The disclosed systems are particularly well suited for sports specific training. The articulates may be properly and safely conditioned while exercising the muscles that control those articulates.