Abstract: A method for continuously evaluating the effectiveness of debridement of a root canal of a tooth, the tooth having an open access cavity and an apex end, includes delivering a fluid to the open access cavity of the tooth, evacuating the fluid near the apex end of the tooth such that the fluid flushes most of the root canal before being evacuated, and continuously evaluating the evacuated fluid for at least one of a presence of debris, a concentration level of the debris, or a type of the debris. An apparatus for use in debriding a root canal of a tooth includes a microcannula or a macrocannula configured to evacuate a fluid in the root canal, and a sensing mechanism fluidically coupled to the microcannula or the macrocannula, the sensing mechanism configured to continuously sense debris in the evacuated fluid in real time.

Abstract: A method for continuously evaluating the effectiveness of debridement of a root canal of a tooth, the tooth having an open access cavity and an apex end, includes delivering a fluid to the open access cavity of the tooth, evacuating the fluid near the apex end of the tooth such that the fluid flushes most of the root canal before being evacuated, and continuously evaluating the evacuated fluid for at least one of a presence of debris, a concentration level of the debris, or a type of the debris. An apparatus for use in debriding a root canal of a tooth includes a microcannula or a macrocannula configured to evacuate a fluid in the root canal, and a sensing mechanism fluidically coupled to the microcannula or the macrocannula, the sensing mechanism configured to continuously sense debris in the evacuated fluid in real time.

Abstract: Plasma-enriched hydroxyapatite-based fillers and methods of filling bone gaps in oral surgery, orthopedic procedures, and cosmetic surgery are disclosed. The fillers contain a substance comprising an anticoagulant antidote, a substance comprising hydroxyapatite, and blood or plasma. The blood may be either autologous or allogeneic. The fillers have a dough-like consistency and can be manipulated easily by a surgeon.

Abstract: An indicator kit for detecting the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant is provided. The kit includes an indicator composition that includes an azo dye material and water; an extraction composition that includes water, and at least one of a C1-C7 alcohol or a glycol ether; and an acidic compound present in at least one of the indicator composition, the extraction composition, or an acidic developer solution packaged separately from the indicator composition and the extraction composition. A method of detecting a quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant on a surface is also provided.

Abstract: An indicator kit for detecting the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant is provided. The kit includes an indicator composition that includes an azo dye material and water; an extraction composition that includes water, and at least one of a C1-C7 alcohol or a glycol ether; and an acidic compound present in at least one of the indicator composition, the extraction composition, or an acidic developer solution packaged separately from the indicator composition and the extraction composition. A method of detecting a quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant on a surface is also provided.