Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate having (a) a first material applied to at least a portion of the substrate, and (b) a coating layer deposited from a liquid coating composition including a film-forming resin, and optionally a crosslinker that is reactive with the film-forming resin, in direct contact with at least a portion of the substrate to which the first material has been applied. The first material is (i) a catalyst that catalyzes cure of the liquid coating composition, (ii) a component reactive with the film-forming resin and/or the crosslinker of the liquid coating composition, and/or (iii) a rheology modifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate having (a) a first material applied to at least a portion of the substrate, and (b) a coating layer deposited from a powder coating composition including a film-forming resin, and optionally a crosslinker that is reactive with the film-forming resin, in direct contact with at least a portion of the substrate to which the first material has been applied. The first material is (i) a catalyst that catalyzes cure of the powder coating composition, (ii) a component reactive with the film-forming resin and/or the crosslinker of the powder coating composition, and/or (iii) a rheology modifier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a substrate having (a) a first material applied to at least a portion of the substrate, and (b) a coating layer deposited from a powder coating composition including a film-forming resin, and optionally a crosslinker that is reactive with the film-forming resin, in direct contact with at least a portion of the substrate to which the first material has been applied. The first material is (i) a catalyst that catalyzes cure of the powder coating composition, (ii) a component reactive with the film-forming resin and/or the crosslinker of the powder coating composition, and/or (iii) a rheology modifier.

Abstract: Disclosed is an activating rinse for treating at least a portion of a substrate, comprising a dispersion of metal phosphate particles having a D90 particle size of no greater than 10 ?m, wherein the metal phosphate comprises divalent or trivalent metals or combinations thereof; a dispersant; and a metal sulfate salt. Methods of treating a substrate with the activating rinse also are disclosed. Optionally, substrates treated with the activating rinse also are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate pretreatment system, comprising (a) an activating rinse for treating at least a portion of a substrate comprising a dispersion of metal phosphate particles having a D90 particle size of no greater than 10 ?m, wherein the metal phosphate comprises divalent or trivalent metals or combinations thereof; and (b) a pretreatment composition for treating at least a portion of the substrate treated with the activating rinse, comprising zinc ions and phosphate ions, wherein the pretreatment composition is substantially free of nickel. Methods of treating a substrate with the substrate pretreatment system also are disclosed. Substrates treated with the substrate pretreatment system also are disclosed.