Abstract: An attachment for use with a mobile device with an imaging device and a mobile-device light source can include one or more of an attachment base and an attachment body. The attachment base can be configured to secure the attachment body to the mobile device via a case for the mobile device. The attachment body can include at least one optical device for use with the imaging device, and an optical sensor to receive optical control signals from the mobile-device light source.

Abstract: An attachment for use with a mobile device with an imaging device and a mobile-device light source can include one or more of an attachment base and an attachment body. The attachment base can be configured to secure the attachment body to the mobile device via a case for the mobile device. The attachment body can include at least one optical device for use with the imaging device, and an optical sensor to receive optical control signals from the mobile-device light source.

Abstract: An attachment for use with a mobile device with an imaging device or with a case for the mobile device can include one or more of an attachment base and an attachment body. The attachment base can be configured to be secured to at least one of the mobile device and the case. The attachment body can include at least one optical device for use with the imaging device and can be configured to be secured to the attachment base. The attachment base can removably secure the attachment body to the mobile device or the case when the attachment body is secured to the attachment base.

Abstract: An attachment for use with a mobile device with an imaging device and a mobile-device light source can include one or more of an attachment base and an attachment body. The attachment base can be configured to secure the attachment body to the mobile device via a case for the mobile device. The attachment body can include at least one optical device for use with the imaging device, and an optical sensor to receive optical control signals from the mobile-device light source.

Abstract: An attachment assembly for use with a mobile device with a camera or a case for the mobile device can include one or more of an attachment base and an attachment body. The attachment base can be configured to be secured to at least one of the mobile device and the case. The attachment body can include at least one optical device for use with the camera and can be configured to be removably secured to the attachment base. The attachment base can removably secure the attachment body to the mobile device or the case when the attachment body is removably secured to the attachment base.

Abstract: An attachment for use with a mobile device with an imaging device and a mobile-device light source can include one or more of an attachment base and an attachment body. The attachment base can be configured to secure the attachment body to the mobile device via a case for the mobile device. The attachment body can include at least one optical device for use with the imaging device, and an optical sensor to receive optical control signals from the mobile-device light source.

Abstract: An attachment for use with a mobile device with an imaging device or with a case for the mobile device can include one or more of an attachment base and an attachment body. The attachment base can be configured to be secured to at least one of the mobile device and the case. The attachment body can include at least one optical device for use with the imaging device and can be configured to be secured to the attachment base. The attachment base can removably secure the attachment body to the mobile device or the case when the attachment body is secured to the attachment base.

Abstract: An attachment assembly for use with a mobile device with a camera or a case for the mobile device can include one or more of an attachment base and an attachment body. The attachment base can be configured to be secured to at least one of the mobile device and the case. The attachment body can include at least one optical device for use with the camera and can be configured to be removably secured to the attachment base. The attachment base can removably secure the attachment body to the mobile device or the case when the attachment body is removably secured to the attachment base.

Abstract: Machine-readable codes are read, decoded and resolved by a messaging system in order to perform a desired function. If the code is not native to that (home) messaging system, then a resolution request is made to a central messaging interchange system to determine which other (destination) messaging system is native to and can resolve that code. The messaging interchange system then either returns the appropriate routing information back to the home messaging system (in which case the home messaging system sends the resolution request directly to the destination messaging system) or forwards the resolution request to the destination messaging system itself. The destination messaging system transmits a resolution response message to the home messaging system, either directly or via the messaging interchange system.

Abstract: Machine-readable codes are read, decoded and resolved by a messaging system in order to perform a desired function. If the code is not native to that (home) messaging system, then a resolution request is made to a central messaging interchange system to determine which other (destination) messaging system is native to and can resolve that code. The messaging interchange system then either returns the appropriate routing information back to the home messaging system (in which case the home messaging system sends the resolution request directly to the destination messaging system) or forwards the resolution request to the destination messaging system itself.

Abstract: The present invention operates by inputting into the client computer a linkage code (a machine readable code such as a bar code symbol or a human-readable alphanumeric text string) that includes a server identification code and an item identification code. The client computer then extracts the server identification code, and obtains from local cache or from the routing server a URL template associated with the server identification code. The URL template includes the name of an information server and at least one parameter field to be completed by the client computer. The URL template is completed by the client computer by filling in at least the item identification code, and the completed URL template is then sent to the information server named therein as a primary content URL request.