Abstract: An improved method is provided for reducing four-wave mixing induced degradation in an optical data signal traversing an optical transport network that uses Raman amplifiers. The method includes: introducing at least two Raman amplifiers into the optical transport network, each Raman amplifier having a laser source, and synchronously modulating the laser sources of the Raman amplifiers, thereby reducing four-wave mixing in the optical data signal. Modulation of the laser sources is performed at such a rate that crosstalk from the modulation to the optical data signals experiencing the Raman gain is minimized.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients comprising an iron-containing compound, an organomagnesium compound, and an &agr;-acylphosphonate diester.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients comprising (a) an iron-containing compound, (b) an &agr;-acylphosphonate diester, and (c) an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients comprising (a) (i) a halogen-containing iron compound or (ii) an iron-containing compound and a halogen-containing compound, (b) an &agr;-acylphosphonate diester, and (c) an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients comprising (a) an molybdenum-containing compound, (b) a silyl phosphonate, and (c) an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: Blends of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene and rubbery elastomers are prepared by a process that comprises polymerizing 1,3-butadiene monomer into syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene within a rubber cement of at least one rubbery elastomer by using a chromium-based or molybdenum-based catalyst composition.

Abstract: An improved method is provided for reducing four-wave mixing induced degradation in an optical data signal traversing an optical transport network that uses Raman amplifiers. The method includes: introducing at least two Raman amplifiers into the optical transport network, each Raman amplifier having a laser source, and synchronously modulating the laser sources of the Raman amplifiers, thereby reducing four-wave mixing in the optical data signal. Modulation of the laser sources is performed at such a rate that crosstalk from the modulation to the optical data signals experiencing the Raman gain is minimized.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients comprising (a) an molybdenum-containing compound, (b) a silyl phosphonate, and (c) an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients comprising (a) an iron-containing compound, (b) a silyl phosphonate, and (c) an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients comprising (a) a chromium-containing compound; (b) an organomagnesium compound; and (c) a silyl phosphonate, also, a process for forming conjugated diene polymers by using the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A process for preparing conjugated diene polymers by polymerizing conjugated diene monomers in the presence of a catalyst composition that is formed by combining an iron-containing compound, a hydrogen phosphite, and an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients comprising (a) a chromium-containing compound; (b) an organomagnesium compound; and (c) a silyl phosphonate. also, a process for forming conjugated diene polymers by using the catalyst composition.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients comprising (a) (i) a halogen-containing iron compound or (ii) an iron-containing compound and a halogen-containing compound, (b) a silyl phosphonate, and (c) an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients including an iron-containing compound, a hydrogen phosphite, and a mixture of two or more organoaluminum compounds. This catalyst composition is particularly useful for polymerizing conjugated dienes. When this catalyst composition is used to polymerize 1,3-butadiene into syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene the ratio of the organoaluminum compounds can be adjusted to vary the melting temperature and molecular weight of the polymer product.

Abstract: A process for preparing conjugated diene polymers by polymerizing conjugated diene monomers in the presence of a catalyst composition that is formed by combining an iron-containing compound, a hydrogen phosphite, and an organoaluminum compound.

Abstract: A catalyst composition comprising (a) an iron-containing compound, (b) an organomagnesium compound and (c) a dihydrocarbyl hydrogen phosphite is disclosed for polymerizing 1,3-butadiene into syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene. The use of the catalyst composition of this disclosure avoids the use of environmentally detrimental components such as carbon disulfide and halogenated solvents. The melting temperature of the syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene can be varied from about 100 to about 190° C. by variations in the catalyst components and the component ratios. The ability to vary the melting temperature with a single catalyst composition is very desirable. The syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene can be used as a plastic or as an additive for rubber compositions wherein it can crosslink with conventional rubbers using conventional crosslinking agents.

Abstract: Blends of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene and rubbery elastomers are prepared by a process that comprises polymerizing 1,3-butadiene monomer into syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene within a rubber cement of at least one rubbery elastomer by using a chromium-based or molybdenum-based catalyst composition.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients including (a) a molybdenum-containing compound, (b) a hydrogen phosphite, and (c) a blend of two or more sterically distinct organoaluminum compounds. This catalyst composition is particularly useful for polymerizing conjugated dienes. When this catalyst composition is used to polymerize 1,3-butadiene into syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene, the ratio of the organoaluminum compounds can be adjusted to vary the melting temperature and molecular weight of the polymer product.

Abstract: A catalyst composition that is the combination of or the reaction product of ingredients including an iron-containing compound, a hydrogen phosphite, and a mixture of two or more organoaluminum compounds. This catalyst composition is particularly useful for polymerizing conjugated dienes. When this catalyst composition is used to polymerize 1,3-butadiene into syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene the ratio of the organoaluminum compounds can be adjusted to vary the melting temperature and molecular weight of the polymer product.

Abstract: A process for preparing blends of syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene and rubbery elastomers comprising the steps of (1) providing a mixture of high cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber cement and 1,3-butadiene monomer, and (2) combining (a) an iron-containing compound, (b) a hydrogen phosphite, and (c) an organoaluminum compound to form a catalyst composition outside the presence of the mixture of rubber cement and monomer, and (3) adding the catalyst composition to the mixture and thereby polymerizing the 1,3-butadiene monomer into syndiotactic 1,2-polybutadiene within the rubber cement.