Abstract: Passive prosthetic devices for focally cooling a brain and methods for inhibiting seizures are disclosed. The prosthetic devices replace a thermally insulating bone flap with a thermally conductive insert having an inner surface that contacts the relatively warm meninges or brain and an outer surface that contacts the relatively cool scalp. In an embodiment, the prosthesis is unitary; in another, a biocompatible casing is filled with a highly conductive core; in another, a filled polymer block is attached to a plate; and in another, the bone flap is filled with a conductive polymer. In one embodiment, a filled polymer containing elements that exhibit the magnetocaloric effect provide heat transfer that can be enhanced by application of a suitable magnetic field. Focal cooling as low as 1.2° C. has been found effective at inhibiting seizures.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides thermally conductive grafts and methods of passively cooling a hyperthermic region and preventing epilepsy, neural inflammation, and other neurological abnormalities using a thermally conductive graft including a thermally conductive matrix disposed between two opposed surfaces.

Abstract: Passive prosthetic devices for focally cooling a brain and methods for inhibiting seizures are disclosed. The prosthetic devices replace a thermally insulating bone flap with a thermally conductive insert having an inner surface that contacts the relatively warm meninges or brain and an outer surface that contacts the relatively cool scalp. In an embodiment, the prosthesis is unitary; in another, a biocompatible casing is filled with a highly conductive core; in another, a filled polymer block is attached to a plate; and in another, the bone flap is filled with a conductive polymer. In one embodiment, a filled polymer containing elements that exhibit the magnetocaloric effect provide heat transfer that can be enhanced by application of a suitable magnetic field. Focal cooling as low as 1.2° C. has been found effective at inhibiting seizures.

Abstract: Passive prosthetic devices for focally cooling a brain and methods for inhibiting seizures are disclosed. The prosthetic devices replace a thermally insulating bone flap with a thermally conductive insert having an inner surface that contacts the relatively warm meninges or brain and an outer surface that contacts the relatively cool scalp. In an embodiment, the prosthesis is unitary; in another, a biocompatible casing is filled with a highly conductive core; in another, a filled polymer block is attached to a plate; and in another, the bone flap is filled with a conductive polymer. In one embodiment, a filled polymer containing elements that exhibit the magnetocaloric effect provide heat transfer that can be enhanced by application of a suitable magnetic field. Focal cooling as low as 1.2° C. has been found effective at inhibiting seizures.

Abstract: A manually activated Peltier device was placed in direct contact with a cortical slice. Seizures terminated within seconds of the onset of cooling, sometimes preceding a detectable drop in temperature measured near the top of the slice. Activation of the Peltier did not stop seizures when slices were no longer in direct physical contact with the device, indicating that this was not a field effect. When cooling was shut off and temperature returned to 33° C., the bursting sometimes returned, but a longer term suppressive effect on seizure activity could be observed. In two experiments, a custom computer program automatically detected seizure discharges and triggered a TTL pulse to activate the Peltier. In these experiments the Peltier automatically terminated the slice bursting in less than four seconds. When the Peltier device was placed in contact with the normal, exposed cortex of a newborn pig, we found that the cortical temperature rapidly decreased from 36° C. to as low as 26° C., at a depth of 1.

Abstract: A manually activated Peltier device was placed in direct contact with a cortical slice. Seizures terminated within seconds of the onset of cooling, sometimes preceding a detectable drop in temperature measured near the top of the slice. Activation of the Peltier did not stop seizures when slices were no longer in direct physical contact with the device, indicating that this was not a field effect. When cooling was shut off and temperature returned to 33° C., the bursting sometimes returned, but a longer term suppressive effect on seizure activity could be observed. In two experiments, a custom computer program automatically detected seizure discharges and triggered a TTL pulse to activate the Peltier. In these experiments the Peltier automatically terminated the slice bursting in less than four seconds. When the Peltier device was placed in contact with the normal, exposed cortex of a newborn pig, we found that the cortical temperature rapidly decreased from 36° C. to as low as 26° C.