Abstract: The present invention discloses methods and apparatus for joining of two workpieces. The present invention includes special preparation of the joining ends of the two workpieces to be joined. Methods of the present invention include delivering a high current, low voltage pulse to a pair of workpieces to be joined while applying and maintaining a constantly high load on said workpieces to thereby join the workpieces.

Abstract: A satellite thruster system capable of creating a high velocity plasma jet is disclosed. The plasma accelerator, or "railthruster," features a high energy current pulse source and a geometrically configured coaxial or parallel dual-rail ignitor system for higher velocity, and thus more fuel efficient, satellite attitude control. A ratio of a length of the railthruster to a spacing between the rails is at least 3:1.

Abstract: A plasma ignitor system capable of injecting a high energy plasma jet into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or continuous combustion system. The plasma ignitor features a high energy current pulse source and a geometrically configured coaxial, dual-rail or three-rail ignitor system for deeper and more accurate injection of plasma into a combustion chamber of either large or small dimension.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlled low NO.sub.x combustion. First and second combustion zones are provided, each filled with a porous high temperature resistant matrix, the void spaces of which provide sites at which substantially all of the combustion occurs. The second zone is downstream of the first zone. Means are provided for mixing fuel and a gaseous source of oxygen and providing the resultant combustible mixture to the input end of the first combustion zone to establish fuel-lean conditions therein; and means for feeding the combustion products from the first zone to the second zone and augmenting same with further oxygen and sufficient additional fuel to create fuel-rich burning conditions therein to complete the oxidation of the products from the first zone.

Abstract: Burner apparatus for use in controlled low NO.sub.x combustion. Mixing and flow-directing means receive and mix fuel and air provided thereto and form a flow of the resulting combustible mixture. A combustion zone defined by a porous high temperature-resistant matrix includes an input end for receiving the combustible flow. Cooling means are mounted in proximity to the input end of the combustion zone, for maintaining the temperature of the flowing combustible mixture proximate the input end below ignition temperature, thereby limiting the flame produced by combustion in the porous matrix to the downstream side of the cooling means. The method for controlled low NO.sub.x combustion is also disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: Low NO.sub.x combustion is effected by a method wherein a fuel, e.g., natural gas, and a source of oxygen, e.g., air, are mixed and the mixture is combusted in at least two successive combustion zones filled with a porous matrix, the void spaces of which provide sites at which substantially all of the said combustion occurs; viz. a first zone wherein the mixture is fuel-rich, and a second zone wherein the mixture is fuel-lean. Preferably, the method utilizes an additional combustion zone which precedes or is upstream of the first zone and is filled with a said porous matrix, wherein the mixture is fuel-lean. Apparatus for low NO.sub.

Abstract: A plasma ignitor system capable of injection a narrowly focused high energy plasma jet into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine or continuous combustion system. The plasma ignitor features a high energy current pulse source and a geometrically configured coaxial or dual-rail ignitor system for deeper and more accurate injection of plasma into a combustion chamber of either large or small dimension.