Abstract: A portable thermal protection system is provided for protecting equipment, facilities, and personnel in a region from a high intensity incident heat source. The system can be formed as a sleeping bag, a tent, a blanket, a sleeping bag, a vertical barrier, a curtain, a flexible rollup doorway, or a wrap. The system includes an outer textile layer first layer, an insulator second layer, and a non-porous film third layer which forms a gas harrier. Some embodiments include a fourth layer formed of a material to provide radiation protection. In some embodiments, the first and/or second layers are integrally formed with the materials that reflects radiation. The layers are joined together by high-temperature adhesives, stitching, needling, or tacking.