Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to a valve seat (20) for a poppet valve of an internal combustion engine, wherein the poppet valve comprises a head and a stem behind the head, the valve seat comprising: an aperture (21) configured to form a seal with the head of the poppet valve when the poppet valve is in a closed position; and a peripheral body (22) defining, at least in part, one or more ports (23) shaped like e.g. grooves and sized to enable injection of liquid or gas from a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine into a gas stream behind the head of the poppet valve.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention relate to a valve seat (20) for a poppet valve of an internal combustion engine, wherein the poppet valve comprises a head and a stem behind the head, the valve seat comprising: an aperture (21) configured to form a seal with the head of the poppet valve when the poppet valve is in a closed position; and a peripheral body (22) defining, at least in part, one or more ports (23) shaped like e.g. grooves and sized to enable injection of liquid or gas from a cylinder head of the internal combustion engine into a gas stream behind the head of the poppet valve.

Abstract: A vehicle water jacket assembly includes a first water jacket portion establishing a plurality of first fluid channels that are situated to facilitate fluid movement along at least a first plane. A second water jacket portion is situated near the first water jacket portion. The second water jacket portion establishes a plurality of second fluid channels that are situated to facilitate fluid movement along at least a second plane that is generally parallel to the first plane. At least one connector portion establishes a plurality of connector fluid channels that are situated to facilitate fluid movement between at least one of the first fluid channels and at least one of the second fluid channels along a direction that is transverse to the first and second planes.

Abstract: A vehicle water jacket assembly includes a first water jacket portion establishing a plurality of first fluid channels that are situated to facilitate fluid movement along at least a first plane. A second water jacket portion is situated near the first water jacket portion. The second water jacket portion establishes a plurality of second fluid channels that are situated to facilitate fluid movement along at least a second plane that is generally parallel to the first plane. At least one connector portion establishes a plurality of connector fluid channels that are situated to facilitate fluid movement between at least one of the first fluid channels and at least one of the second fluid channels along a direction that is transverse to the first and second planes.