Abstract: Compositions and methods useful in promoting neuronal growth, synaptic transmission, or neuronal regeneration are described, including, for example, a polypeptide comprising a fragment of NgR1, wherein the NgR1 fragment has reduced FGF2 binding as compared to wild-type NgR1. Also described are chimeric polypeptides comprising the NgR1 fragment and compositions comprising the fragment or chimeric polypeptide. Nucleic acids, vectors and expression systems are also described which encode the fragments and polypeptides. These compositions can be used in combination with FGF2 to promote neurite outgrowth or neuronal regeneration and can be used to treat central nervous systems diseases and disorders.