Abstract: This disclosure relates to methods and compositions useful for culturing astrocytes, producing astrocytes, expanding astrocytes, or promoting astrocyte development. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to cell culture compositions comprising components disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, this disclosure relates to methods of culturing astrocytes, promoting astrocyte development, or producing astrocytes comprising contacting a cell, stem cell, induced pluripotent cell, astrocyte, pre-astrocyte cell, or tissue with proteins BMP4, TGF?-2, TSLP, DKK1, and NLGN1 providing astrocytes.

Abstract: A method of communicating and securing data on a network with an air-gap device that includes switching of a first air-gap such that a second air-gap is generated between a second port and a first communication circuit to one or more devices, and such that a second operable connection is generated between a first communication circuit to the one or more devices and a third port. The air gap-device includes a first interface comprising a first port, the first interface being part of the first communication circuit to the one or more devices a second interface comprising the second port; a third interface comprising the third port; and a physical relay array block operably coupled to and corresponding to the first, second and third interfaces, with the physical relay array block configured for physical switching between a first and second configuration that generates the first and second switching.

Abstract: A method of communicating and securing data on a network with an air-gap device that includes switching of a first air-gap such that a second air-gap is generated between a second port and a first communication circuit to one or more devices, and such that a second operable connection is generated between a first communication circuit to the one or more devices and a third port. The air gap-device includes a first interface comprising a first port, the first interface being part of the first communication circuit to the one or more devices a second interface comprising the second port; a third interface comprising the third port; and a physical relay array block operably coupled to and corresponding to the first, second and third interfaces, with the physical relay array block configured for physical switching between a first and second configuration that generates the first and second switching.

Abstract: A method of assessing herbicide tolerance in a plant is provided. The method of determining herbicide tolerance in plants comprises applying the herbicide to be tested in conjunction with at least one supplemental herbicide, determining the extent of resultant injury, and correlating the extent of injury to the herbicide tolerance of the plant.