Abstract: Thiazolyl tetrazolium salts with increased solubility in aqueous solutions have alkylammonium alkoxy substituents, preferably trimethyl ammonium propoxy groups substituents, on phenyl rings attached to the tetrazolium ring.

Abstract: Thiazolyl tetrazolium salts with increased solubility in aqueous solutions have alkylammonium alkoxy substituents, preferably trimethyl ammonium propoxy groups substituents, on phenyl rings attached to the tetrazolium ring.

Abstract: Thiazolyl tetrazolium salts with increased solubility in aqueous solutions have alkylammonium alkoxy substituents, preferably trimethyl ammonium propoxy groups substituents, on phenyl rings attached to the tetrazolium ring. Thiazolyl tetrazolium salts with increased solubility in aqueous solutions have alkyl ammonium alkoxy substituents, preferably trimethyl ammonium propoxy groups substituents, on phenyl rings attached to the tetrazolium ring, e.g. the compounds of the general formula shown below. Formula (A-)a.

Abstract: Thiazolyl tetrazolium salts with increased solubility in aqueous solutions have alkylammonium alkoxy substituents, preferably trimethyl ammonium propoxy groups substituents, on phenyl rings attached to the tetrazolium ring. Thiazolyl tetrazolium salts with increased solubility in aqueous solutions have alkyl ammonium alkoxy substituents, preferably trimethyl ammonium propoxy groups substituents, on phenyl rings attached to the tetrazolium ring, e.g. the compounds of the general formula shown below. Formula (A-)a.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I) wherein R1 is a protecting group for N?, R2 is a protecting group for NG, and R3 is aryl, and wherein the compound of formula (I) is a trypsin substrate such that trypsin cleaves the O—C single bond, which liberates R3—OH; a diagnostic device comprising same; a method for preparing the diagnostic device; and a method of using the diagnostic device to detect levels of urinary trypsin inhibitor in a biological sample; and a diagnostic kit for detecting levels of urinary trypsin inhibitor in a biological sample.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I) wherein R1 is a protecting group for N&agr;, R2 is a protecting group for NG, and R3 is aryl, and wherein the compound of formula (I) is a trypsin substrate such that trypsin cleaves the O—C single bond, which liberates R3—OH; a diagnostic device comprising same; a method for preparing the diagnostic device; and a method of using the diagnostic device to detect levels of urinary trypsin inhibitor in a biological sample; and a diagnostic kit for detecting levels of urinary trypsin inhibitor in a biological sample.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I) 1

Abstract: The disclosed invention provides for two improved processes for recovering citric acid and other organic acids. The process for recovering citric acid from an impure process stream includes concentrating the impure process stream to obtain a concentrated solution of citric acid, adding a sufficient amount of a strong acid or salt to the solution in order to crystallize citric acid and separating the resulting citric acid crystals from the mother liquor. The useful strong acids or salts thereof are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and nitric acid. Also ion exchange resins may be utilized in order to recover additional yields of citric acid. Further, the impure process stream is obtained by a solvent extraction process or a lime and sulfuric acid process. The other useful process provided for by the invention includes recovering organic acid from an impure process stream, such as a fermentation broth.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved process of recovering organic acid from an impure process stream, such as a fermentation broth, by the addition of a strong acid or salt thereof to the impure process stream. The process provides for essentially one step purification without the waste disposal problems or large capital investment required by either the conventional lime/sulfuric or solvent extraction recovery processes. The recovery can be further improved by treating the mother liquor remaining after separation of the citric acid crystals to obtain an additional yield. The preferred strong acid is sulfuric acid and the preferred mother liquor treatment is passage through an ion exclusion resin column.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved method for recovering an organic acid as a salt from various process streams by addition of a crystallizing base to a concentrated solution of neutralized organic acid. The addition of such a base causes crystallization of the salt. This process provides more efficient recovery of organic acid salt from a fermentation process stream than traditional crystallization and it may be used essentially as a one step purification process. The improved method is particularly applicable to the recovery of trisodium or tripotassium citrate from process streams produced in the fermentation and recovery of citric acid, with the addition of a crystallizing base such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, or ammonia. The resulting product may be combined with an anticaking agent and/or dried to provide a particularly free flowing product.

Abstract: The compounds of the present invention have the following formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently phenyl, pyridyl, thienyl, naphthyl, substituted phenyl wherein the substituent is selected from the group consisting of halogen, methoxy, and dialkylamino wherein alkyl contains 1 to 3 carbon atoms; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently substituted furanone of the structure ##STR2## wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are independently alkyl containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl containing 5 to 7 carbon atoms, phenyl or substituted phenyl wherein the substituent is alkyl containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms or halogen; R.sup.7 is hydrogen or halogen; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are joined to form ##STR3## R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl containing 4 to 20 branched, straight chain, cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon atoms; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are joined to form ##STR4## wherein R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4- or 5-(substituted sulfonyl) methyl-3(2H)-furanones having the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently alkyl containing 1 to 6 branched or straight chain carbon atoms, phenyl, or halogen substituted phenyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are joined by 5 to 7 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 6 branched or straight chain carbon atoms or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are joined by 4 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4- or 5-(substituted sulfonyl) methyl-3(2H)-furanones having the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently alkyl containing 1 to 6 branched or straight chain carbon atoms, phenyl, or halogen substituted phenyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are joined by 5 to 7 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 6 branched or straight chain carbon atoms or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are joined by 4 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4- or 5-(substituted sulfonyl) methyl-3(2H)-furanones having the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently alkyl containing 1 to 6 branched or straight chain carbon atoms, phenyl, or halogen substituted phenyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are joined by 5 to 7 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 6 branched or straight chain carbon atoms or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are joined by 4 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sup.

Abstract: This invention provides an improved method for recovering an organic acid as a salt from various process streams by addition of a crystallizing base to a concentrated solution of neutralized organic acid. The addition of such a base causes crystallization of the salt. This process provides more efficient recovery of organic acid salt from a fermentation process stream than traditional recrystallization and it may be used essentially as a one step purification process. The improved method is particularly applicable to the recovery of trisodium or tripotassium citrate from process streams produced in the fermentation and recovery of citric acid, with the addition of a crystallizing base such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or ammonia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel 4- or 5-(substituted sulfonyl)methyl-3(2H)-furanones having the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently alkyl containing 1 to 6 branched or straight chain carbon atoms, phenyl, or halogen substituted phenyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are joined by 5 to 7 carbon atoms;R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl containing 1 to 6 branched or straight chain carbon atoms or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are joined by 4 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sup.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is alkyl, phenyl or halophenyl; R.sup.2 is substituted phenyl having from 1 to 3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, alkythio, alkylsulfonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, or R.sup.2 is pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl, N-alkylpyrrolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, or furyl; and n is 1 or 2, are cytoprotective anti-ulcer agents.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is alkyl, phenyl or halophenyl; R.sup.2 is substituted phenyl having from 1 to 3 substiuents selected from halo, alkyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, or R.sup.2 is pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl, N-alkylpyrrolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, or furyl; and n is 1 or 2, are cytoprotective anti-ulcer agents.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## in which R is alkyl, phenyl or halophenyl; R.sup.2 is substituted phenyl having from 1 to 3 substituents selected from halo, alkyl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, or R.sup.2 is pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, quinolinyl, N-alkylpyrrolyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, or furyl; and n is 1 or 2, are cytoprotective anti-ulcer agents.