Abstract: A liner system for in-container vitrification that can withstand high temperature is critical to the overall in-container vitrification process. A treatment vessel comprising a treatment vessel having an inner and outer wall wherein the inner wall defines a void therein. An insulation layer is deposited inside the void so as to create an annulus between the inner wall of the treatment vessel and the insulation layer to allow air or liquid to flow around the melt to facilitate the dissipation of the heat from the entire melting process. Next a layer of refractory material best suited to inhibit the transmission of heat from the melt is deposited within the insulation layer and is in thermal contact with the melt material.

Abstract: A process for melting material to be treated includes placing material to be treated in a container that may include an insulating lining, heating the material to be treated and melting the material to be treated, preferably allowing the melted material to cool to form a vitrified and/or crystalline mass, and disposing of the mass. The mass is either disposed while contained in container or removed from container after cooling and disposed. Insulating lining may comprise one or more layers of a thermal insulating material, one or more layers of refractory material, or a combination thereof. The material to be treated may be heated by placing at least two electrodes in the material to be treated and passing a current between the electrodes, or alternatively, by placing at least one heating element in the material to be treated and passing heat into the material to be treated.