Abstract: A structure for underwater placement on a sea, lake or river bottom. The structure has tunnels to allow water and water currents, as well as marine organisms, to pass freely therethrough and infiltrate and colonize the openings. One or more hitch points are provided on the structure for attaching mooring lines to ships, boats, floating wind turbines or other floating objects, thereby allowing the structure to serve as a mooring to anchor such objects. The hitch points can be recessed within a depression in the surface of the structure and the hitch bar ends can also be recessed, providing an exterior surface free of protuberances.

Abstract: A structure for underwater placement on a sea, lake or river bottom. The structure has tunnels to allow water and water currents, as well as marine organisms, to pass freely therethrough and infiltrate and colonize the openings. One or more hitch points are provided on the structure for attaching mooring lines to ships, boats, floating wind turbines or other floating objects, thereby allowing the structure to serve as a mooring to anchor such objects. The hitch points can be recessed within a depression in the surface of the structure and the hitch bar ends can also be recessed, providing an exterior surface free of protuberances.

Abstract: A structure for underwater placement on a sea, lake or river bottom. The structure has tunnels to allow water and water currents, as well as marine organisms, to pass freely therethrough and infiltrate and colonize the openings. One or more hitch points are provided on the structure for attaching mooring lines to ships, boats, floating wind turbines or other floating objects, thereby allowing the structure to serve as a mooring to anchor such objects. The hitch points can be recessed within a depression in the surface of the structure and the hitch bar ends can also be recessed, providing an exterior surface free of protuberances.

Abstract: A structure for underwater placement on a sea, lake or river bottom. The structure has tunnels to allow water and water currents, as well as marine organisms, to pass freely therethrough and infiltrate and colonize the openings. One or more hitch points are provided on the structure for attaching mooring lines to ships, boats, floating wind turbines or other floating objects, thereby allowing the structure to serve as a mooring to anchor such objects. The hitch points can be recessed within a depression in the surface of the structure and the hitch bar ends can also be recessed, providing an exterior surface free of protuberances.

Abstract: A container for underwater placement on a sea, lake or river bottom. The container has openings in the sides, top and bottom and is filled with ballast of large boulders, cobble, crushed coral, cast concrete modules or other materials. The openings allow water and water currents, as well as marine organisms, to pass freely therethrough. Over time, a wide assortment of marine organisms infiltrate and colonize the nooks, crevices and cavities of the ballast, thus utilizing the habitat as they would an artificial reef. One or more hitch points are provided on the container for attaching mooring lines for ships, boats, floating wind turbines or other floating structures, thereby allowing the artificial reef to anchor such structures.

Abstract: A container for underwater placement on a sea, lake or river bottom. The container has openings in the sides, top and bottom and is filled with ballast of large boulders, cobble, crushed coral, cast concrete modules or other materials. The openings allow water and water currents, as well as marine organisms, to pass freely therethrough. Over time, a wide assortment of marine organisms infiltrate and colonize the nooks, crevices and cavities of the ballast, thus utilizing the habitat as they would an artificial reef. One or more hitch points are provided on the container for attaching mooring lines for ships, boats, floating wind turbines or other floating structures, thereby allowing the artificial reef to anchor such structures.

Abstract: A bird feeder which utilizes a shielding collar that behaves substantially like a universal-joint. The hollow, generally-cylindrical collar surrounds an annular food tray. The collar has a plurality of openings to provide access to the food tray, with a perch rod adjacent each opening. The collar is suspended by a spring device operative to allow the collar to simultaneously tilt, move downwardly and rotate, thus occluding the passage to food whenever the weight and agitated movements of a squirrel are brought to bear upon the collar.

Abstract: A bird feeder which utilizes a shielding collar that behaves substantially like a universal-joint. The hollow, generally-cylindrical collar surrounds an annular food tray. The collar has a plurality of openings to provide access to the food tray, with a perch rod adjacent each opening. The collar is suspended by a spring means operative to allow the collar to simultaneously tilt, move downwardly and rotate, thus occluding the passage to food whenever the weight and agitated movements of a squirrel are brought to bear upon the collar.

Abstract: An article hanger or keeper comprises a wire formed as a major portion of one turn of a geometric solenoid with two hook end portions having bent-back ends which include bends of approximately .pi. radians (180.degree.) around a radius approximating the diameter of the wire, to provide hangers which may be used singly or in series. The hangers are easy for a human to install and lock or unlock, without a need for any auxiliary tool, but very unlikely to become accidentally unlocked. One disclosed embodiment utilizes a slightly elliptical turn, which renders the hanger self-orienting to deter one type of accidental unlocking.

Abstract: An article container is formed by two generally interlocking wire sheet pieces which fold together in clamshell fashion to provide a container for articles to which access may be had.

Abstract: A bird feeder of tube shape has all components critical to providing delivery of seed to wild birds of metal construction. The bird feeder comprises a metal cylinder oriented vertically and suspended from a nearly circular metal hoop, the free ends of which attach near the top rim of the cylinder. The underside of the cylinder is plugged with a metal disc and the top of the cylinder is protected with a removable metal cover. A plurality of smaller metal cylinders oriented horizontally intersect the vertically oriented cylinder on its center line in a staggered vertically spaced relation, the intersecting points being round apertures equal to the outside diameter of the horizontal cylinders. These vertical and horizontal cylinders, being metal, are joined by a series of welds.