Abstract: The invention provides a process for aminoarylating cellulosic materials such as cotton and reconstituted fibres and a process for treating the aminoarylated cellulose with an effect chemical such as a dye, flame retardant or cross linking agent. Improved take up of the effect chemical by the modified cellulose means increased efficiency in the process and in the case of dyeing, avoids or reduces the washing off of hydrolysed dye and the resultant production of large volumes of contaminated water requiring to be treated. The cellulosic material may be present in a blend with other types of fibre for example a blend with poly(alkyleneterephthalates) or polyamides.

Abstract: A water-permeable protective material is provided which comprises a composition of one or more quaternary amines in combination with polyvinyl alcohol or precursor thereof. The amine may be either a polymeric or non-polymeric quaternary amine, a preferred example being poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) [p(DADMAC)]. The composition, if liquid, may be deposited as a layer on a substrate to be protected or a protective article may be formed by extrusion or moulding from a dry composition. The substrate may be a fabric material, particularly an item of clothing. Protection is provided against harmful or noxious agents such as chemical and biological warfare agents, organic materials, aerosols and other harmful liquid and gaseous substances.

Abstract: The invention provides use of a polymer composition comprising polyethylenimine and one or both of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol co-ethylene for protection against harmful and/or noxious agents. The invention further provides a laminate suitable for providing protection against harmful and/or noxious agents, the laminate comprising a layer of a polymer composition comprising polyethylenimine and one or both of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol co-ethylene is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides use of a polymer composition comprising polyethylenimine and one or both of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol co-ethylene for protection against harmful and/or noxious agents. The invention further provides a laminate suitable for providing protection against harmful and/or noxious agents, the laminate comprising a layer of a polymer composition comprising polyethylenimine and one or both of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol co-ethylene is also disclosed.