Abstract: A process for removing a (hydro)haloalkene impurity from a product stream containing that impurity and a desired compound is described. The process comprises contacting the product stream with a solid adsorbent comprising pores having openings which have a size across their largest dimension in the range of from about 7 Å to about 10 Å. The process is particularly suited to the removal of (hydro)halopropene impurities from saturated hydrofluorocarbons such as a tetrafluoroethane, a pentafluoropropane, a hexafluoropropane or a heptafluoropropane.

Abstract: A method of reducing residual solvent levels in extracted biomass that is contaminated with HFC solvent includes sparging the biomass extract with a solvent stripping gas such as air or Nitrogen.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for reducing residual solvent levels in extracted biomass that is contaminated with HFC solvent that includes sparging the biomass extract with a solvent stripping gas such as air or nitrogen are disclosed. Apparatus for carrying out the method include a vessel (12;25) containing extract (26) and a source of the gas. The source may be in the form of a moveable, hollow wand (27) having a sparging gas outlet; or a fixed gas inlet (30) for bubbling the gas through the extract (26).

Abstract: An apparatus (10′) for extracting biomass includes an extractor (11), evaporator (12), compressor (13) and condenser (14) connected in series by pipework (17) to define a closed loop extraction circuit. A transfer line (18) selectively supplies hot solvent vapor from the outlet side of the compressor (13) to the interior of the extractor (11), where the solvent vapor heats the biomass. This causes stripping of solvent from the biomass. The transfer line (18) includes control elements (19,20) for controlling the flow of solvent vapor.

Abstract: A composition comprising (A) 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane(CF2HCF2CFH2) and (B) at least one hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (CF3CH2CF2H) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluorobutane (CF3CF2CF2CF2H) is described. The composition is useful as a refrigerant and may be used in chillers as a replacement for refrigerant R-11.

Abstract: A closed loop apparatus (10) for extracting biomass includes an evaporator (42) and a condenser (43) directly connected to one another, without an intermediate compressor. An optional pump (14) moves liquid solvent between the evaporator (42) and compressor (43) and provides a hydrostatic head for the closed loop circuit.

Abstract: A condenser (20) includes within its shell (22) a reservoir (22b) for condensed solvent used in biomass extraction. The reservoir (22b) supplies liquid solvent (23) to an extraction vessel (11) via an inverted lute (30). The height of the uppermost part (35) of the lute (30) determines the level of liquid (28) in the reservoir. In an embodiment the height of the uppermost part (35) is adjustable, to control the liquid level.

Abstract: A composition comprising (A) 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (CF 2 HCF 2 CFH 2) and (B) at least one hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (CF 3 CH 2 CF 2 H) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluorobutane (CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 C F 2 H) is described. The composition is useful as a refrigerant and may be used in chillers as a replacement for refrigerant R-11.

Abstract: A closed-cell polymer foam having a density of less than 100 kg.m−3 is described. The cells in the foam contain a foam blowing agent comprising (a) a blend of two or more hydrofluorocarbons, (b) a blend comprising a carbon dioxide and one or more hydrofluorocarbons or (c) a blend comprising dimethyl ether and one or more hydrofluorocarbons, and the polymer is a blend comprising at least 50% by weight of an olefinic polymer(s) and up to 50% by weight of a polar polymer(s) having a lower molecular weight than the olefinic polymer which when in the heat plasticised state is able to dissolve the foam blowing agent. A process for preparing the foam is also described.

Abstract: A lubricant composition containing an anti-deposition component having an anti-deposition effect which is especially useful for the lubrication of refrigeration compressors and in reducing or removal of unwanted deposits in constricted areas in a refrigeration system.

Abstract: A flushing composition containing a lubricant and a deposit removal component having a deposit removal effect which is especially useful for cleaning refrigeration systems by reducing or removing unwanted deposits in constricted areas in the refrigeration system.

Abstract: A working fluid composition comprising:

Abstract: A working fluid composition comprising: (A) a heat transfer fluid comprising a mixture of at least two compounds selected from the group consisting of hydrofluoroalkanes and fluoroalkanes; and (B) sufficient to provide lubrication of a lubricant which is at least partially soluble in each component of the heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: ?PPA composition is described which comprises carbon dioxide (CO2), at least one hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134) and 1,1difluoroethane (R-152a), and at least one hydrofluorocarbon selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R-236fa) and 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (R-236ea). The composition may additionally comprise at least one hydrocarbon and can be used as a replacement for refrigerant R-12 in automobile air conditioning and domestic refrigeration systems.

Abstract: A non-azeotropic refrigerant is described comprising (A) carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2), (B) pentafluoroethane (R-125), (C) 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a) and (D) chlorodifluoromethane (R-22).

Abstract: A process for the purification of pentafluoroethane by removing chloropentafluoroethane therefrom which comprises adding to the impure pentafluoroethane a component which undergoes a non-ideal interaction with chloropentafluoroethane and/or with the azeotrope of chloropentafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane such that the volatility of chloropentafluoroethane and/or the azeotrope of chloropentafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane relative to bulk pentafluoroethane is increased and distilling the mixture.