Abstract: Burnishing tools are constructed for operating on internal and external cylindrical surfaces of substantial length to produce a compacted finished surface thereon. The burnishing tool has a mandrel with a truncated conical surface on which truncated conical rollers rotate as the tool is driven in rotation relative to the workpiece. By axially moving the mandrel and cage relative to each other the contraction and expansion of the rollers occurs. The rollers are retracted when the workpiece is to be removed therefrom or applied thereto and are expanded under a predetermined pressure into engagement with the workpiece for producing the burnishing operation under substantial pressure. The machine herein illustrated is self-contained having a pulley driven in rotation by an adjacently supported motor for rotating the burnishing tool while permitting the expansion and retraction of the rollers.